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The Muscular System
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Five Golden Rules of Skeletal Muscle Activity
Table 6.2
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Muscles and Body Movements
Movement is attained due to a muscle moving an attached bone Muscles are attached to at least two points Origin Attachment to a moveable bone Insertion Attachment to an immovable bone
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Muscles and Body Movements
Figure 6.12
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Collins I 3 lines What do you think the following terms mean in terms of body movement? Flexion Extension Rotation Can you demonstrate what each would look like by moving your body?
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Agenda 3/26/12---Day 1 Discuss body movements Notes Facial muscles
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Flexion Decreases the angle of the joint Brings two bones closer together Typical of hinge joints like knee and elbow Extension Opposite of flexion Increases angle between two bones
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Figure 6.13a
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Figure 6.13b
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Rotation Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis Common in ball-and-socket joints Example is when you move atlas around the dens of axis (shake your head “no”)
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Figure 6.13c
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Abduction Movement of a limb away from the midline Adduction Opposite of abduction Movement of a limb toward the midline
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Figure 6.13d
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Circumduction Combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction Common in ball-and-socket joints
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Figure 6.13d
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Special Movements Dorsiflexion
Lifting the foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin Plantar flexion Depressing the foot (pointing the toes)
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Special Movements Figure 6.13e
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Special Movements Inversion Turn sole of foot medially Eversion
Turn sole of foot laterally
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Special Movements Figure 6.13f
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Special Movements Supination
Forearm rotates laterally so palm faces anteriorly Pronation Forearm rotates medially so palm faces posteriorly
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Special Movements Figure 6.13g
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Special Movements Opposition
Move thumb to touch the tips of other fingers on the same hand
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Special Movements Figure 6.13h
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Types of Muscles Prime mover—muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement Antagonist—muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover Synergist—muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation Fixator—stabilizes the origin of a prime mover
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Types of Muscles
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Naming Skeletal Muscles
By direction of muscle fibers Example: Rectus (straight) By relative size of the muscle Example: Maximus (largest)
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Naming Skeletal Muscles
By location of the muscle Example: Temporalis (temporal bone) By number of origins Example: Triceps (three heads)
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Naming Skeletal Muscles
By location of the muscle’s origin and insertion Example: Sterno (on the sternum) By shape of the muscle Example: Deltoid (triangular) By action of the muscle Example: Flexor and extensor (flexes or extends a bone)
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Arrangement of Fascicles
Figure 6.14
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Agenda 3/28/12---Day 3 Take out worksheet from yesterday Go over
Facial muscles Con’t Using facial muscles activity
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Head and Neck Muscles Facial muscles Frontalis—raises eyebrows
Orbicularis oculi—closes eyes, squints, blinks, winks Orbicularis oris—closes mouth and protrudes the lips Buccinator—flattens the cheek, chews Zygomaticus—raises corners of the mouth Chewing muscles Masseter—closes the jaw and elevates mandible Temporalis—synergist of the masseter, closes jaw
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Head and Neck Muscles Neck muscles
Platysma—pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly Sternocleidomastoid—flexes the neck, rotates the head
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Collins I 2 lines What is your favorite facial muscle? Why?
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Agenda 4/11/12---Day 1 Finish Poster (10 minutes)
Notes on trunk muscles Using book, label AND color muscles of the trunk You MUST color Label only the ones with color key next to it Check to see if labeled correctly before you color
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Head and Neck Muscles Figure 6.15
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Muscles of the Trunk Anterior muscles of the trunk
Pectoralis major—abducts and flexes the humerus Intercostal muscles External intercostals—raise rib cage during inhalation Internal intercostals—depress the rib cage to move air out of the lungs when you exhale forcibly
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Anterior Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
Figure 6.16a
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Muscles of the abdominal girdle
Rectus abdominis—flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal contents (defecation, childbirth, forced breathing) External and internal obliques—flex vertebral column; rotate trunk and bend it laterally Transversus abdominis—compresses abdominal contents
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Anterior Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
Figure 6.16b
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Posterior muscles of the trunk
Trapezius—elevates, depresses, adducts, and stabilizes the scapula Latissimus dorsi—extends and adducts the humerus Erector spinae—back extension Quadratus lumborum—flexes the spine laterally Deltoid—arm abduction
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Muscles of Posterior Neck, Trunk, Arm
Figure 6.17a
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Muscles of Posterior Neck, Trunk, Arm
Figure 6.17b
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Collins I 2 lines Describe two trunk muscles in terms of location and the type of movement the muscle is responsible for
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Agenda 4/12/12---Day 2 Discuss Collins Complete trunk diagram
Answer questions # 19 & 20 Label and color diagrams 6-7 & 6-8 Notes on arm muscles
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Muscles of the Upper Limb
Biceps brachii—supinates forearm, flexes elbow Brachialis—elbow flexion Brachioradialis—weak muscle Triceps brachii—elbow extension (antagonist to biceps brachii)
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Anterior Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
Figure 6.16a
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Muscles of Posterior Neck, Trunk, Arm
Figure 6.17a
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Do Now 4/16/12---Day 4 Get out diagram packet
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Agenda 4/16/12---Day 4 Finish diagrams Go over diagrams Finish notes
Diagram test is THIS friday
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Muscles of the Lower Limb
Gluteus maximus—hip extension Gluteus medius—hip abduction, steadies pelvis when walking Iliopsoas—hip flexion, keeps the upper body from falling backward when standing erect Adductor muscles—adduct the thighs
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Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, Thigh
Figure 6.19a
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Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, Thigh
Figure 6.19c
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Muscles of the Lower Limb
Muscles causing movement at the knee joint Hamstring group—thigh extension and knee flexion Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
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Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, Thigh
Figure 6.19a
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Muscles of the Lower Limb
Muscles causing movement at the knee joint Sartorius—flexes the thigh Quadriceps group—extends the knee Rectus femoris Vastus muscles (three)
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Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, Thigh
Figure 6.19c
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Muscles of the Lower Limb
Muscles causing movement at ankle and foot Tibialis anterior—dorsiflexion and foot inversion Extensor digitorum longus—toe extension and dorsiflexion of the foot Fibularis muscles—plantar flexion, everts the foot Soleus—plantar flexion
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Muscles of the Lower Leg
Figure 6.20a
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Muscles of the Lower Leg
Figure 6.20b
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Superficial Muscles: Anterior
Figure 6.21
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Superficial Muscles: Posterior
Figure 6.22
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Superficial Anterior Muscles of the Body
Table 6.3 (1 of 3)
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Superficial Anterior Muscles of the Body
Table 6.3 (2 of 3)
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Superficial Anterior Muscles of the Body
Table 6.3 (3 of 3)
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Superficial Posterior Muscles of the Body
Table 6.4 (1 of 3)
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Superficial Posterior Muscles of the Body
Table 6.4 (2 of 3)
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Superficial Posterior Muscles of the Body
Table 6.4 (3 of 3)
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Intramuscular Injection Sites
Figure 6.18, 6.19b, d
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