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Muscular System 600 Muscles
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3 Types of Muscles Smooth Muscles- Which include the muscles of internal organs and blood vessels. These muscles move involuntary. Cardiac Muscle- Found only in the heart and also involuntary. Skeletal Muscles- Are voluntary and help you move.
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3 Types of Muscles
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Anatomy of a Muscle Cell
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Naming Skeletal Muscles
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Direction of Muscle Fibers
Relative to the Midline RECTUS = parallel to the midline Rectus Abdominus TRANSVERSE = perpendicular to midline Transverse Abdominus OBLIQUE = diagonal to midline External Oblique
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Location Structure near which muscle is found
FRONTALIS = near FRONTAL bone OCCIPITALIS = near OCCIPITAL bone
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Size Relative Size of Muscle MAXIMUS = largest Gluteus Maximus
MEDIUS = middle Gluteus Medius MINIMUS = smallest Gluteus Minimus LONGUS = longest Fibularis Longus BREVIS = short Fibularis Brevis TERTIUS = shortest Fibularis Tertius
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Origin & Insertion Origin – attachment to an immoveable bone
Insertion – attachment to a movable bone ILIO COSTALIS= attaches to the ilium & ribs (costal = ribs)
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NAME ACTION EXAMPLE FLEXOR EXTENSOR ABDUCTOR ADDUCTOR LEVATOR
Decrease angle at a joint Flexor Carpi Radialis EXTENSOR Increase angle at a joint Extensor Carpi Ulnaris ABDUCTOR Move bone away from midline Abductor Pollicis Longus ADDUCTOR Move bone toward midline Adductor Longus LEVATOR Produce upward movement Levator Scapulae DEPRESSOR Produce downward movement Depressor Labii Inferioris SUPINATOR Turn palm upward/anterior Supinator PRONATOR Turn palm downward/posterior Pronator Teres
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Characteristics of Muscles
Muscle cells are elongated (muscle cell = muscle fiber) Contraction of muscles is due to the movement of microfilaments All muscles share some terminology Prefix myo refers to muscle Prefix mys refers to muscle Prefix sarco refers to flesh
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Muscle Movement Involuntary- Automatically move without you knowing.
Voluntary- Brain sends message to muscle. You control the movements.
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Muscle Movement isometric contraction muscle contraction without appreciable shortening or change in distance between its origin and insertion.
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Muscle Movement isotonic contraction muscle contraction without appreciable change in the force of contraction; the distance between the muscle's origin and insertion becomes lessened.
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Muscle Movement Tonic-sustained muscular contraction without intervals of relaxation. (maintaining posture)
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Head & Neck Muscles
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Muscles of the Axial Skeleton
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Posterior Muscles of Shoulder
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Muscles in the back.
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Muscles in the lower arm.
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Muscles in the lower arm.
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Muscles in the lower leg.
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Muscles in the upper leg.
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Muscles in the upper leg.
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Muscles of the Wrist & Hand
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Muscles Of Hip: Anterior Muscles and Anterior Thigh
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Muscles of Anterior Thigh and Posterior Thigh
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Muscles of the Lower Leg
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Types Of Muscles Smooth Muscle- Digestive organs, Makes up 7-8% of your muscles. Involuntary
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Types of Muscles cont. Cardiac Muscles- Only found in the heart.
Involuntary. Makes up 3% of your muscles. By age 70 heart contracts 2.5 billion times (assume resting heart beat).
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Types of Muscles cont. Skeletal Muscles- Make up 90% of your muscles.
Voluntary- These are the muscles that you can move.
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Types of Injuries Strain- Muscle “pull” or “strain”
Tearing a muscle fiber(s), followed by bleeding or swelling of muscle Muscle Cramp- Prolonged contraction of muscle, ion imbalance
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Muscle Terms Flexion- Movement that reduces a joint angle
Extension- A movement that increases a joint angle
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Body Movements Flexing of the hamstring.
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Body Movements cont. Extension of the quadriceps.
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Muscle Pairs Your muscles work in teams to move your body. An example of this is your Bicep and Tricep.
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