1. MUSCLES OF THE TORSO NVQ3 Beauty Therapy

2. Sternocleido mastoid Either side of neck from temporal bone to clavicle and sternum Used together nods the head Used in opposition turn head to the side

3. Platysma Front of neck from chin to chest Draws jaw and lower lip downwards

4. Pectoralis major Covers upper part of chest Adducts and medially rotates the arm

5. Pectoralis minor Small muscle beneath the pectoralis major Draws shoulder downwards and also forwards

6. Serratus anterior Sides of ribcage below the armpits Draws scapula forward as in pushing movements

7. Rectus abdominus Superficial muscles that extend the whole length of the abdomen Supports internal organs and flexes the spine (bending forward)

8. Internal obliques Found laterally on the anterior of the abdomen beneath external obliques Twists trunk to opposite side

9. External obliques Superficial muscles found laterally from side of waist to anterior abdomen Twists trunk to opposite side

10. External intercostals Between the ribs Raises the ribcage upwards and forwards

11. Muscles of Respiration Internal intercostals External intercostals Diaphragm

12. Internal intercostals Between the ribs under the external intercostals Bring the ribs downwards and in.

13. Diaphragm Attached around bottom of ribcage Pulls downwards

14. Trapezius Kite shaped muscle across the top of the back and neck Lifts the clavicle as in shrugging and also draws the head backwards

15. Rhomboids Deep to the trapezius Draws the scapula back

16. Latissimus dorsi Back of lower thorax in lumbar region Draws the arm back and inwards towards the body. Helps pull body upwards when climbing

17. Erector spinae Three groups of muscles on either side of the vertebrae Extends the spine and holds the body upright

18. Gluteus maximus Superficial muscle which forms the buttocks Extends the hip and rotates thigh laterally Used in running and jumping

19. Gluteus medius Lateral part of buttocks, deep to gluteus maximus Abducts and medially rotates the thigh. Used in walking and running

20. Gluteus minimus Lateral area of buttocks beneath gluteus medius Abducts and rotates the thigh. Used in walking and running