1. Muscles of the thigh

2. Objectives Know the type and formation of hip joint.
Differentiate the stability and mobility between the hip joint and shoulder joint.
Identify the muscles that act at the hip joint.
Identify the muscles of the thigh in terms of their origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions.
Explain the relationships of contents of the femoral triangle to each other & to the surrounding bone and soft tissue landmarks.

3. Surface anatomy of the thigh
Surface features of the Thigh
Sartorius muscle
Quadriceps femoris muscle
Adductor longus muscle
Hamstring muscles
Femoral triange

4. Anatomy of the thigh
Thigh is divided to 3 groups of muscles called compartments.
Anterior compartment
Posterior compartment
Medial compartment

5. The thigh is divided into 3 compartments
by 3 intermuscular septa (extending from deep fascia into femur)
Anterior Compartment
Extensors of knee:
Quadriceps femoris
Flexors of hip:
1. Sartorius
2. Pectineus
3. psoas major
4. Iliacus
Nerve supply:
Femoral nerve
Medial Compartment
Adductors of hip:
1. Adductor longus
2. Adductor brevis
3. Adductor magnus
(adductor part)
4. Gracilis
Nerve supply:
Obturator nerve
Posterior Compartment
Flexors of knee & extensors of hip:
Hamstrings
Nerve supply:
Sciatic nerve

6. Medial Compartment of Thigh
MUSCLES:
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus (Adductor portion)
Gracilis
ACTION:
ADDUCTION OF HIP JOINT
N.B.: Gracilis also flexes knee joint
NERVE SUPPLY:
OBTURATOR NERVE 1 2 2 1 4 3 3 4
Adductor magnus
(Adductor portion)
Adductor magnus
(Hamstring portions)

7. Origin Insertion Inferior pubic ramus Ischial ramus Body of pubis
Adductor part
Hamstring hiatus
Adductor hiatus
Adductor magnus
(adductor portion)
Gracilis
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Insertion
Upper part of medial
surface of tibia
(behind sartorius)
Posterior border of femur (Linea Aspera)

8. Medial Compartment

9. Medial Compartment Obturator artery: Blood Supply:
Branch of internal iliac artery.

10. Medial Compartment Innervation: Obturator nerve. Action: Adduction
Tibial nerve:
To hamstring portion of adductor magnus.
Action:
Adduction

11. Anterior Compartment of Thigh
Contains the:
Flexor of the hip:
Sartorius
Pectineus
psoas major
Iliacus
Extensors of knee (Quadriceps femoris):
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femoris)
Nerve supply: Femoral nerve 4 3 2 1 2 1 4
Vastus Intermedius
(deep to rectus femoris) 3

12. Anterior superior iliac spine Upper part of medial surface of tibia
Sartorius
ORIGIN
Anterior superior iliac spine
ACTION
(TAILOR’S POSITION)
Flexion, abduction & lateral rotation of hip joint
Flexion of knee joint S
INSERTION
Upper part of medial surface of tibia

13. Pectineus ACTION: Flexion & adduction of hip joint ORIGIN:
Superior pubic ramus
INSERTION:
Back of femur (below lesser trochanter)

14. Iliacus & Psoas major (Iliopsoas)
ORIGIN:
Psoas major: T12 & lumbar vertebrae
Iliacus: Iliac fossa
ACTION:
Flexion of hip joint
INSERTION:
Lesser trochanter of femur
In less than 50 percent of humans the psoas major is accompanied by the psoas minor. It is located in front of the psoas major muscle.

15. Quadriceps Femoris ORIGIN:
Rectus femoris: Anterior inferior iliac spine
Vastus intermedius:
Front of shaft of femur
Vastus medialis:
Posterior border of femur
Vastus lateralis:

16. Quadriceps Femoris INSERTION: Into PATELLA
(Patella is a sesamoid bone)
From patella into TUBEROSITY OF TIBIA through Ligamentum Patellae (Patellar Ligament)
ACTION:
Extension of knee joint

17. Anterior Compartment Blood Supply: Femoral Artery:
Superficial circumflex iliac.
Superficial epigastric.
Superficial external pudendal.
Deep external pudendal.
Descending genicular.
Deep femoral (profunda femoris)
Lateral femoral circumflex.
Medial femoral circumflex.

18. Anterior Compartment Innervation: Femoral Nerve: Action: Hip flexion.
Knee extension.

19. Femoral Triangle: Location & Boundaries
It is a deep hollow in the Upper third of front of thigh inferior to the inguinal ligament
Boundaries
Base: Inguinal ligament
Medial: Medial border of the adductor longus muscle
Lateral: Medial border of the sartorius muscle
Floor: (from media to lateral)
adductor longus
Pectineus
Psoas major
Iliacus
Roof: Skin, superficial & deep fascia.
Iliopsoas
Pectineus

20. Femoral Triangle: Contents
From lateral to medial:
Femoral nerve & its branches
Femora artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatic vessels and some deep inguinal lymph nodes
Contents
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery & deep (profunda)
femoral branch
Great saphenous vein (superficial),
draining into femoral vein
Lymphatics
Femoral sheath

21. ADDUCTOR CANAL (Subsartorial/Hunter’s canal)
Adductor hiatus
DEFINITION: an aponeurotic tunnel for femoral artery & vein
SITE: In middle third of front of thigh deep to sartorius
EXTENT: From apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
BOUNDARIES:
Roof (Anterior): Sartorius (medially) and vastus medialis (laterally)
Floor (Posterior): Adductor longus & magnus

22. POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH
CONTENTS
Muscles:
Hamstring muscles:
Biceps femoris.
Semitendinosus.
Semimembranosus.
Ischial part of adductor magnus.
Blood supply:
Branches of the profunda femoris artery.
Nerve supply:
Sciatic nerve.

23. Biceps Femoris : Origin: The long head from the ischial tuberosity.
The short head from the linea aspera .
Insertion:
Into the head of the fibula.
Nerve supply:
The long head is supplied by the tibial part of the sciatic;
the short head is supplied by the common peroneal part of the sciatic.
Action :
Flexion of knee.
Lateral rotation of flexed leg.
Long head: extends hip.

24. SEMITENDINOSUS Origin: Ischial tuberosity. Insertion:
Upper part of the medial surface of the shaft of the tibia (SGS)..
Nerve supply:
Tibial portion of the sciatic.
Action:
Flexes and medially rotates the leg at the knee joint;
Extends the thigh at the hip joint.
SEMITENDINOSUS

25. SEMIMEMBRANOSUS Origin: Ischial tuberosity. Insertion:
Posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia.
It forms the oblique popliteal ligament, which reinforces the capsule on the back of the knee joint.
Nerve supply:
Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve.
Action:
Flexes and medially rotates the leg at the knee joint;
Extends the thigh at the hip.
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

26. ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (HAMSTRING PART)
Origin:
Ischial ramus and ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Adductor tubercle of the medial condyle of the femur.
Nerve supply:
The tibial portion of the sciatic.
Action:
Extends the thigh at the hip joint.

27. Posterior compartment of the thigh
Innervation:
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
Except short head of biceps femoris: common fibular division of sciatic nerve
posterior

28. BLOOD SUPPLY
The four perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery provide a rich blood supply to this compartment.
The profunda femoris vein drains the greater part of the blood from the compartment.

29. NERVE SUPPLY Sciatic Nerve
The sciatic nerve, a branch of the sacral plexus (L4 and 5; S1, 2, and 3), leaves the gluteal region as it descends in the midline of the thigh.
It is overlapped posteriorly by the adjacent margins of the biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles.
It lies on the posterior aspect of the adductor magnus.
In the lower third of the thigh it ends by dividing into the tibial and common peroneal nerves.

31. Tensor Fascia Latae
Psoas Major
Iliacus
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Intermedius DEEP TO RECTUS FEMORIS
Adductor Longus
Vastus Lateralis
Sartorius
Vastus Medialis