1. Forensic Anthropology
The Pelvic Girdle

2. THE PELVIS The many names for this region
Pelvis: composed of 2 innominate bones and the sacrum
Innominate (or Os Coxae): each half of the “pelvic bowl” formed by the fusion of
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
USE INNOMINATE WHEN COMPLETE
USE INDIVIDUAL BONE NAMES WHEN SEPARATE OR TO REFERENCE A SPECIFIC BONE OR FEATURE

3. THE INNOMINATE ILIUM – most superior of the 3 the blade
ISCHIUM - most inferior of the the ‘sit bone’
PUBIS – most anterior of the forms the symphysis

4. THE INNOMINATE FUNCTIONS: Support internal organs
Changes in the human pelvis allow for bipedal locomotion

5. THE INNOMINATE
Each innominate articulates with *sacrum (at the auricular surface) *one femur (at the acetabulum) *the other innominate (at pubic symph)

6. THE INNOMINATE – what to know
The ilium: medially -
Iliac crest – superior rim
Iliac fossa – superior depression under rim
ASIS and AIIS
Arcuate line – midline inferior ridge
Iliac tuberosity – posterior rugosity
Auricular surface - posterior (art.w/ sacrum)
Preauricular sulcus

7. THE INNOMINATE – what to know
The ilium: laterally –
Iliac crest
Iliac pillar – ridge on midline of blade
PSIS and PIIS
Greater sciatic notch
Acetabulum (actually the point where all three bones fuse together, art. w/femur)

8. THE INNOMINATE – what to know
The ischium and pubis – medially
Pubic ramus: anterior/superior, twists
Pubic symphysis: most anterior point
Ischiopubic ramus: flat
Obturator foramen: big hole
The ischium and pubis – laterally
Ischial spine: most inferior/posterior
Lesser sciatic notch: inferior
Ischial tuberosity: very thick
Pubic tubercle: anterior, above symph

9. THE INNOMINATE – L from R
Orient ilium (crest and blade) superior
Orient the pubic symphysis anteriorly and medially, ischium posterior and inferior
The acetabulum is on the side of origin (lateral)

10. THE INNOMINATE – fusion ages
Ischiopubic ramus; 5-8 years
Acetabululm; years
Ischial tuberosity; years
Iliac crest; years

11. THE INNOMINATE uses in forensics
The pelvis is best for sex – due to changes in the pelvis for childbirth, there are numerous, easy to distinguish features that help differentiate males from females in both the PUBIS and the ILIUM
ALSO, well developed methods for aging adults based on changes in the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

12. THE INNOMINATE uses in forensics
TO RECAP:
SEX: PUBIS AND ILIUM
AGE: FUSIONS, AURICULAR SURFACES, PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

13. The sacrum Large, wedge-shaped Composed of 5 sacral vertebrae – fused
Articulates with L5, both innominates
Characteristics
Large bodies
Reduced spinous processes

14. http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19464

16. The sacrum – need to know
Posteriorly –
Posterior sacral foramina
Anteriorly
Anterior sacral foramina
Transverse line of fusion
Superiorly
Sacral promontory (sup/ant): central, superior border of S1
Superior articular facets: articulation of L5-S1
Spinal canal
Ala (wings)
Laterally
Auricular surface
Spinous processes

17. The sacrum – uses in forensics
Male vs female
Males sacrum curved
Females sacrum straight (WHY?)
Age
Transverse line between S1 – S2 closes mid twenties

18. The coccyx
Coccyx – group of fused bones vs coccygeal vertebra (individual bone)
Usually 4 segments fused – variation 3-5
CV1 had transverse processes and horns (cornua)
CV2+ are variable, small, frequently lost
Typically all fuse together and frequently to sacrum

19. http://content. answers