2. DEFINITE ARTICLE THE: I bought a blouse and a skirt. The blouse was cheap, but the skirt was rather expensive. 1) In which sentence are “blouse” and “skirt” introduced for the first time, so they are unfamiliar to the listener? 2) In which sentence “blouse” and “skirt” definite and clear to the listener?

3. There is a man in the garden. The man is carrying a gun in his hand. We use _____ when we mention something or someone for the first time. On the other hand, we use _____ if we mention the same thing or person for the second time. a/an the

4. Can you give me an apple from the fridge? Can you give me the apple at the top of fridge? In which sentence does he/she asks for a specific apple? In which sentence doesn’t it matter for the speaker which apple he/she gets?

5. We use ______ if something or someone is unclear and unspecific, or if it means “any”. We use _____ if the listener understands what the speaker refers to. a/an the

6. USAGE OF THE IN OTHER TERMS: Unique objects or things: The sun came out of the clouds. I’d like to live on the moon. The Prime Minister is going to give a conference. The Earth becoming hotter.

7. With musical instruments and specific inventions: Can you play the guitar? Graham Bell invented the telephone. The aeroplane is the fastest means of transport.

8. To talk about something in general: The + Adjective + Verb in plural form The +Noun + Verb in singular form The rich are happier than the poor. (=Rich people are happier than poor people.) The old are very nasty. (=Old people are very nasty.) The dolphin is an intelligent animal. (= Dolphins are intelligent animals.) The rose is my favourite flower. (= Roses are my favourite flowers.)

9. Before some nationality words with the verb in plural form: The English The French The Japanese The Dutch The British The Irish The Spanish BUT (the) Turks Germans Americans Americans Russians The English drink a lot of tea. / Germans are very cold. The French are interested in art. / Americans are interested in pop culture. BUT If you talk about the language of a country you CAN’T USE THE. And the VERB IS SINGULAR. English is a worldwide language.

10. With superlatives: It was the longest flight I had ever taken. With parts of the day: I will be with my pupils in the afternoon/ in the evening/ in the morning. With ordinal numbers: He lives on the fifth floor. He became the second in the race.

11. With words which describe positions and place. The south of Ireland is gloomy. It is in the east/ west / south/ north. The Middle East has mystic features. BUT Eastern/ Western/ Northern/ Southern Turkey is rainy today. (The east/ the west/ the north/ the south of Turkey is rainy today.

12. With country names when they include a countable noun (ex: union, republic, states, kingdom, isle): The Republic of Turkey The United Kingdom The United States of America The Soviet Union BUT not with country names: France, Turkey, America BUT not with continents: Asia, Africa, Europe, North America

13. With the names of newspapers: The Times The Hürriyet The Guardian With place names: Rivers: The Mississippi Oceans, seas: The Pacific Deserts: The Sahara Lake Groups: The Great Lakes Mountain Ranges: The Himalayas Island Groups: The Bahamas Canals: The Suez Canal Hotels: The Hilton Cinemas: The Movieplex Museums: The Louvre Museum Theatres: The Piccadilly Theatre

14. ZERO ARTICLE With abstract nouns: Love is understanding. Life isn’t easy to cope with it. With plural nouns (not previously mentioned or particular): I like horses. (BUT Look at the horses in that field! ) With uncountable nouns: He only cares about money.

15. With place names: Towns, countries: New York, America (BUT the Netherlands, The USA) Continents: Africa, Asia Streets, Squares: Wall Street, Taxim Square Lakes: Lake Michigan Mountains: Mount Everest Parks: Yosemite Park Shops, large stores: Harrods, Levi’s Airports: Heathrow Airport

16. 1) Are you shopping for ___ health club to join so you can get in shape? a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

17. 1) Are you shopping for ___ health club to join so you can get in shape? a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

18. 2) Shop wisely! You could end up choosing ___ wrong club and losing more money than pounds. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

19. 2) Shop wisely! You could end up choosing ___ wrong club and losing more money than pounds. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

20. 3) You may find out too late that ___ health clubs aren't for you. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

21. 3) You may find out too late that ___ health clubs aren't for you. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

22. 4) ___ San Diego fitness experts recommend thoroughly checking out several health clubs before you join one. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

24. 5) First, know what you want and need in ___ fitness facility, and don't pay for what you'll never use. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

25. 5) First, know what you want and need in ___ fitness facility, and don't pay for what you'll never use. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

26. 6) If you only want exercise classes, ___ exercise studio without weight machines and locker rooms may work for you. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

27. 6) If you only want exercise classes, ___ exercise studio without weight machines and locker rooms may work for you. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

28. 7) If you're looking for ___ place to only do bodybuilding, you'll be happy in a basic gym. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

29. 7) If you're looking for ___ place to only do bodybuilding, you'll be happy in a basic gym. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

30. 8) You may be in ___ market for a full- service health club; then, make sure it offers lots of activities. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

31. 8) You may be in ___ market for a full- service health club; then, make sure it offers lots of activities. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

32. 9) Look for a place near your house, and check out ___ exercise instructors and personal trainers. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

33. 9) Look for a place near your house, and check out ___ exercise instructors and personal trainers. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

34. 10) They should be educated in physical education or certified by ___ organization such as the American Council on exercise. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed

35. 10) They should be educated in physical education or certified by ___ organization such as the American Council on exercise. a. a b. an c. the d. no article is needed