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Small Engine Parts Four-Cycle
By Katie Murray, UGA Agriculture Education Edited by Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office May 2006 1. Crankcase Revised May 2007
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Engine Block 2. Cylinder Block 1. Crankcase Crankcase Cover
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Cylinder Block 1. Cylinder Bore 3. Cooling Fins 2. Valves
Head gasket goes here 3. Cooling Fins 2. Valves
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Spark Plug Cooling Fins-Cooling fins keep heat away from the cylinder block by increasing the surface area of the cylinder block and contacting the already existing cooler air for cooling efficiency.
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Crankshaft Throw-measurement from the center of the crankshaft to the center of the crankpin journal. Determines the stroke of an engine. Throw = ½ stroke. Crankshaft-converts the linear motion of the piston into rotary motion. Counterweights-balances the forces of the reciprocating piston and reduces the load on crankshaft bearing journals. Crankgear-interlocks with the cam gear to turn the crankshaft
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Crankshaft Magneto Journal PTO Journal Bearing Journal
Crankpin Journal-attaches the connecting rod to the crankshaft Magneto Journal PTO Journal Bearing Journal
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Piston Rings Skirt Piston Head Piston Pin Bore
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Piston Rings 1. Compression Ring-seals the combustion chamber from any leakage during the combustion process. 2. Wiper Ring- used to further seal the combustion chamber and to wipe the cylinder wall clean of excess oil. 3. Oil Ring-Wipes excess oil from the cylinder wall during piston movement. Openings in the ring returns the excess oil to the engine block.
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Ring Grooves Ring Lands
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Crankpin Journal Bearing Surface
Connecting Rod-transfers motion from the piston to the crankshaft and functions as a lever arm Piston Pin Piston Piston pin Bearing Surface Crankpin Journal Bearing Surface Rod Cap
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Valve Tappets Valve Tappets-Rides on the camshaft and pushes the bottom of the valve stem to open the valve
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Cam Shaft- includes cam gear and cam lobes; driven by the crankgear
1. Cam Gear-portion of the camshaft that interlocks with the crankgear. 2. Cam Lobes- egg-shaped protrusion on the camshaft that moves a tappet to open a valve; controls the lift and duration of the opening and closing of the valves Timing Mark
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Intake Valve- allows the air-fuel mixture to flow into the cylinder
Valve Spring Valve Retainer Valve Stem Valve Head Intake Valve- allows the air-fuel mixture to flow into the cylinder Exhaust Valve- allows exhaust valves to flow out of the cylinder
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Flywheel Flywheel Nut
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Magneto Spark Plug Wire Armature Magneto
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Air Filter
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Carburetor Carburetor- provides the proper mixture of air and fuel to the intake valve
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Intake Manifold
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Muffler Muffler Guard
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Breather Assembly Breather Cover
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Shields Cylinder Shield
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Dipstick
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Starter Housing
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Gas Tank
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Blower Housing Cover
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