1. ANATOMY LECTURE
SOLE OF FOOT

2. Dermatomes of the foot

4. MUSCLES OF POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF LEG
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

5. Artery & Nerve
Posterior tibial artery
Tibial nerve

7. BONES OF FOOT TARSAL : Metatarsal phalanx Calcaneus Talus Navicular
Cuniform
(laeral,intermediate
and medial)
Metatarsal
phalanx

8. Skin and fascia Skin: thick & hairless firmly attached
to the underlying deep fascia.
Deep fascia:
Plantar aponeorosis:
apex Δ central thickened deep fascia
attached to the medial & lateral tubercles of calcaneum, base distally.
function: protection of deeper structures & maintain the arches of the foot.

9. Muscles of the sole: There are four layers of muscles: first layer:
abductor hallucis,
flexor digitorum brevis,
abductor digiti minimi
2nd layer:
quadratus plantae
lumbricalis, flexor digitorum longus tendon,
flexor hallucis longus tendon.
3rd layer:
flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis
4th layer
interossei, peroneus longus tendon
tibialis posterior tendon.

10. Muscles of the Sole of the Foot (First Layer)
flexor hallucis brevis
ORIGIN
cuboid, lateral cuneiform bones; tibialis posterior insertion
INSERTION
medial & lateral sides of base of proximal phalanx of big toe
NERVE
medial plantar nerve
ACTION
flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe; supports medial longitudinal arch
adductor hallucis (oblique head)
bases of 2nd, 3rd & 4th metatarsal bones
lateral side base of proximal phalanx big toe
deep branch of lateral plantar
flexes big toe, supports transverse arch
adductor hallucis (transverse head)
plantar ligaments
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx big toe
deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
flexes big toe; supports transverse arch
flexor digiti minimi brevis
base of 5th metatarsal bone
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe
superior branch of lateral plantar nerve
flexes little toe

12. muscles of Sole of Foot (Second Layer)
flexor accessorius (quadratus plantae)
ORIGIN
medial and lateral sides of calcaneum
INSERTIONtendons flexor digitorum longus
NERVE
lateral plantar nerve
ACTION
aids long flexor tendon to flex lateral four toes
flexor digitorum longus tendon
shaft of tibia
base of distal phalanx of lateral four toes
tibial nerve
flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot; supports longitudinal arch
lumbricals
tendons of flexor digitorum longus
dorsal extensor expansion of lateral four toes
1st lumbrical from medial plantar; remainder lumbricals from deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
extends toes at interphalangeal joints
flexor hallucis longus
shaft of fibula
base of distal phalanx of big toe
flexes distal phalanx of big toe; plantar flexes foot; supports medial longitudinal arch

14. Muscles of Sole of Foot (Third Layer)
flexor hallucis brevis
ORIGIN
cuboid, lateral cuneiform bones; tibialis posterior insertion
INSERTION
medial & lateral sides of base of proximal phalanx of big toe
NERVE
medial plantar nerve
ACTION
flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe; supports medial longitudinal arch
adductor hallucis (oblique head)
bases of 2nd, 3rd & 4th metatarsal bones
lateral side base of proximal phalanx big toe
deep branch of lateral plantar
flexes big toe, supports transverse arch
adductor hallucis (transverse head)
plantar ligaments
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx big toe
deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
flexes big toe; supports transverse arch
flexor digiti minimi brevis
base of 5th metatarsal bone
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe
superior branch of lateral plantar nerve
flexes little toe

16. Muscles of Sole of Foot (Fourth Layer)
dorsal interossei (4)
ORIGIN
adjacent sides of metatarsal bones
INSERTION
bases of phalanges and dorsal expansion of corresponding toes
NERVElateral plantar nerve
ACTION
abduct toes with 2nd toe as the reference; flex metatarsophalangeal joints; extend interphalangeal joint
plantar interossei (3)
3rd, 4th, and 5th metatarsal bones
bases of phalanges & dorsal expansion of corresponding toes
lateral plantar nerve
adduct toes with 2nd toe as reference; flex metatarsophalangeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints
tendon of peroneus longus
see above
tendon of tibialis posterior

18. Arteries of the Sole of the Foot
The arteries of the sole of the foot:
are derived from the posterior tibial artery.
It splits into the medial and lateral plantar arteries. The medial plantar artery
passes along the medial part of the sole
of the foot and terminates by
branching into digital branches. The lateral plantar artery
becomes the plantar arterial arch
which anastomoses by way of
a perforating artery with the
dorsal pedis artery.
The arch gives rise to several metatarsal
branches which split into digital branches.

20. NERVES

21. Nerves of the Sole of the Foot
The medial and lateral plantar nerves supply muscles and skin of the sole of the foot.
The medial plantar nerve gives rise to digital branches which then give rise to common digital branches and finally, the terminal branches. This nerve supplies the skin of the medial three and one half digits.
The lateral plantar nerve gives rise to motor branches, a deep branch and finally branches to the skin of the lateral one and one-half digits.

23. Arches of the Foot
All of the bones of the foot are held together by ligaments but there are three that are strongly implicated in maintaining the arches of the foot:
long plantar ligament
calcaneocuboid ligament
calcaneonavicular ligament

24. The longitudinal arch of the foot is higher on the medial side
The longitudinal arch of the foot is higher on the medial side. It is made up of the 1st three digits and their metatarsals, the cuneiforms, the navicular bone and the talus.
The lateral longitudinal arch is made up of digits 4 and 5 and their metatarsals, the cuboid and the calcaneum. It is much shallower than the medial arch.
The transverse arch of the foot is primarily formed by the 5 metatarsal bones.

25. THANK YOU THANKYOU Thank you for attention Anatomy Dr. Kumar
Associate Professor
Dr. Mashair
Instructor
THANKYOU