1. Foot and Ankle
Anatomy

2. Resources:
Getbodysmart.com

3. Bones The foot is made up of 26 bones
The lower leg is comprised of 2 bones
Forming the foot and ankle mortise of 28 bones

4. Bones of the foot

5. Muscles
There are 19 muscles and tendons (tendon attaches muscle to bone)
 muscles acting on the foot can be classified into extrinsic muscles, those originating on the anterior or posterior aspect of the lower leg, and intrinsic muscles, originating on the dorsal (top) or plantar (base) aspects of the foot.

6. Anterior compartment Muscle Origin Insertion Action tibialis anterior
shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane
medial cuneiform & base of first metatarsal
extends the foot; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch
extensor digitorum
shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane
extensor expansion of lateral four toes
extends toes; dorsiflexes (extends) foot
extensor hallucis longus
shaft of fibula & interosseous membrane
base of distal phalanx of big toe
extends big toe; dorsiflexes (extends) foot; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

7. base of 1st MT & medial cuneiform
Lateral Compartment
peroneus longus
shaft of fibula
base of 1st MT & medial cuneiform
plantar flexes foot; everts foot at subtalar & transverse tarsal joints; supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches of foot
peroneus brevis
base of 5th metatarsal bone
plantar flexes foot; everts foot at subtalar & transverse tarsal joints; supports lateral longitudinal arch

8. Posterior Compartment
gastrocnemius
medial and lateral condyles of femur
by way of Achilles tendon to calcaneum
plantar flexes foot; flexes leg
plantaris
lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
calcaneum
soleus
shafts of tibia and fibula
by way of achilles tendon into calcaneum
with gastrocnemius & plantaris is powerful plantar flexor of foot; provides main propulsive force in walking & running
popliteus
lateral condyle of femur
shaft of tibia
flexes leg; unlocks full extension of knee by laterally rotating femur on tibia
flexor digitorum longus
distal phalanges of lateral four toes
flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot; supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches of foot
flexor hallucis longus
shaft of fibula
base of distal phalanx of big toe
flexes distal phalanx of big toe; plantar flexes foot; supports medial longitudinal arch

9. Dorsum of foot extensor digitorum brevis calcaneum
by four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes
extends toes

10. 1st layer of sole abductor hallucis
medial tubercle of calcaneum; flexor retinaculum
medial side, base of proximal phalanx of big toe
flexes, abducts big toe; supports medial arch
flexor digitorum brevis
medial tubercle of calcaneum
middle phalanx of four lateral toes
flexes lateral four toes; supports medial & lateral longitudinal arches
abductor digiti minimi
medial & lateral tubercles of calcaneum
lateral side base of proximal phalanx 5th toe
flexes, abducts 5th toe; supports lateral longitudinal arch

11. Muscles of Lower leg

12. Muscles of foot

13. Ligaments
The lateral and medial ligaments of the ankle support and strengthen the joint.
The deltoid ligament is stronger than the lateral ligaments. The strength of the deltoid prevents most eversions.

14. Primary Primary ligaments of ankle include: medial lateral
Deltoid ligament - This strong ligament attaches to the medial malleolus. It has four parts named for the bones that they attach to: the tibionavicular, the tibiocalcaneal, the anterior tibiotalar, and the posterior tibiotalar
Calcaneonavicular ligament (Spring Ligament) 
lateral
Syndesmosis (includes AITFL, PITFL, TTFL, IOL, ITL)
Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)
Calcaneal fibular ligament (CFL)
Lateral talocalcaneal ligament (LTCL)

15. If you’ve ever sprained an ankle, you injured one or more of the ligaments that hold the joint together. The lateral ligaments are damaged more often than the stronger medial ligament.

16. Lateral View

17. Medial View

18. Simplified View (lateral)

19. Arches of the foot

20. Medial/Lateral

21. Medial/Lateral
Medial arch is higher than the lateral longitudinal arch. It is made up by the calcaneus, the talus, the navicular, the three cuneiforms, and the first, second, and third metatarsals
The lateral arch is composed of the calcaneus, the cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsals

22. On a person

23. Problem with arches

24. Lower Leg

26. Putting it all together

27. In Class.. Begin Body Diagram… Draw foot bones
Draw lateral and medial ligaments

28. Homework
Color worksheet pages