1. Interpretation of indicators on agriculture and fishing Bruno Lapillonne, Vice President, Enerdata Reunión Técnica de Trabajo del Proyecto BIEE 24 – 26 de febrero, 2014, San José, Costa Rica

2. Share of agriculture sector in final consumption and GDP 2  Agriculture sector includes: agriculture (farming, cattle breeding…), fishing and forestry  Sector with usually a low share of final energy consumption and GDP but sometimes with a significant contribution in the GDP in less industrialized countries: From around 2%-3% of final energy consumption in Chile or Mexico to a range of 5-7% in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina From around 5% of GDP in Chile, Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina to 8% in Uruguay and 13% Bolivia and 22% in Paraguay. Consumption not well known (e.g. Chile, Bolivia and Paraguay). Coverage of energy use not always clear and breakdown not always available between the different sub-sectors.

3. 3 Energy efficiency indicators in agriculture  Overall indicators: Total energy intensity Diesel intensity Electric intensity  Indicators by sub-sector Energy intensities separated for agriculture, fishing and forestry Specific consumption per hectare for agriculture Specific consumption for fishing per boat  Indicators by type of activity (type of crop, of fishing)  Indicators to be related to different explanatory factors: Rate of mechanization of agriculture % of agriculture area with irrigation Rate of equipment in electric and diesel pumps

4. Outline 1.Overall indicators 2.Indicator by sub-sector 3.Indicators by type of activity

5. 5 Trends in energy consumption and agriculture Trends in value added and energy consumption of agriculture: case of Morocco Usually strong fluctuations of the value added depending on weather conditions (rainfall) and consumption doe not follow these variations in activity Source: Medener consumption value added

6. 6 Energy intensity trends of agriculture Strong fluctuations in the energy intensity due strong variations in value added of the sector with climate fluctuations ( draught, flooding… ) Source : BIEE

7. 7  Agriculture is much more energy intensive in Argentina and Uruguay  Agriculture not intensive in Paraguay and Bolivia Source : BIEE Comparison of energy intensity of agriculture

8. Outline 1.Overall indicators 2.Indicators by sub-sector 3.Indicators by type of activity

9. 9 Energy consumption of agriculture sector by sub -sector Energy consumption of agriculture fishing and forestry: case of Uruguay Source BIEE, from DNE/MME

10. 10 Energy consumption of agriculture sector by sub -sector Energy consumption of agriculture fishing and forestry: case of Uruguay Source BIEE, from DNE/MME

11. 11 Energy intensity of agriculture sector by sub –sector: case of Tunisia Energy intensity of agriculture and fishing in Tunisia fishing agriculture

12. 12 Sources: Tunisia, Morocco, Lebanon and Algeria: Medener; El Salvador, Uruguay: BIEE Specific energy consumption of agriculture

13. 13 Specific energy consumption of agriculture: impact of irrigation Irrigation is twice more intensive in Uruguay (around 15% of land irrigated) Source BIEE, from DNE/MME Specific energy consumption of agriculture per hectare: irrigated vs non irrigated: Uruguay

14. 14 Specific energy consumption of agriculture: impact of irrigation In Morocco, irrigated land require more than 6 times more energy irrigated land Specific energy consumption of agriculture per hectare: irrigated vs non irrigated: Morocco toe/ha

15. 15 The magnitude of the difference depends on the climate: in Mediterranean countries (e.g. Lebanon or Morocco), the ratio is around 6. Specific energy consumption of agriculture: impact of irrigation

16. 16 Specific energy consumption for fishing

17. Outline 1.Overall indicators 2.Indicators by sub-sector 3.Indicators by type of activity

18. Energy intensity by type of farming: case of Tunisia

19. 19 Energy consumption of fishing by type of fishing: case of Tunisia

20. Specific energy consumption for fishing by type Tuna fishing Large fishing boats Coastal fishing average The specific consumption for fishing (in toe/t of fish) varies quite a lot with the type of fishing. In Tunisia the average is around 1 toe/ton but it is around 2 for tuna fishing, and only 0.5 toe for coastal fishing Specific energy consumption for fishing by type: case of Tunisia