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Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot
Ms. Bowman
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Bones of the Ankle and Lower Leg
Tibia Medial malleolus Fibula Lateral malleolus Talus Tibia and Fibula are held together by the interosseous membrane
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Joints of the Ankle and Foot
Talocrural joint- tibia, fibula, and talus Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion Subtalar joint-talus and calcaneus Inversion and eversion
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Phalanges Toes Numbered 1-5 from medial to lateral
1st phalanx is composed of a proximal and distal phalange 2-5 have proximal, middle, and distal phalanges
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Metatarsals Composes the midfoot portion of the foot
Numbered 1-5 from medial to lateral Between tarsals and phalanges
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Tarsals There are 7 tarsal bones Each one is named separately
Medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms-begin medially and go to the middle of the foot Navicular-medial aspect Cuboid-lateral aspect Talus-between tibia and fibula Calcaneus-heel
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Metatarsals
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Calcaneus
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Phalanges
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Navicular
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Cuboid
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Talus
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Medial Cuneiform
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Intermediate Cuneiform
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Lateral Cuneiform
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Medial Ligaments Deltoid Ligament- Compilation of 4 ligaments
Anterior tibiotalor ligament Tibionavicular ligament Tibiocalcaneal ligament Posterior tibiotalor ligament One of the strongest ligaments in the body
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Lateral Ligaments Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament Posterior talofibular ligament
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Anterior and Posterior Ligaments
Anterior tibiofibular ligament Posterior tibiofibular ligament
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Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament
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Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament
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Anterior Talofibular Ligament
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Calcaneofibular Ligament
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Posterior Talofibular Ligament
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Anterior Tibiotalor Ligament
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Tibionavicular Ligament
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Tibiocalcaneal Ligament
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Posterior Tibiotalor Ligament
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MUSCLES
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Muscles of the Ankle and Lower Leg
Ankle dorsiflexion (anterior) Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Tibialis anterior Ankle plantarflexion (superficial posterior) Soleus Gastrocnemius Ankle inversion (deep posterior) Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Ankle eversion (lateral) Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis
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Tibialis Anterior-A Origin- proximal half of lateral and anterior surface of tibia Insertion- medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal Action- dorsiflexion, inversion
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Extensor Digitorum and Extensor Hallucis -A
Origin- anterior surface of fibula Insertion- phalanges, great toe Action- extends phalanges, extends great toe
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Fibularis Muscles-L Origin- lateral surface of fibula
Insertion- bases of 1st and 5th metatarsals Action- eversion
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Gastrocnemius- SP Origin- medial and lateral condyles of femur
Insertion- posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles Tendon Action- plantar flexion, knee flexion
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Soleus- SP Origin- superior posterior surfaces of tibia and fibula
Insertion- posterior calcaneus via Achilles Tendon Action- plantar flexion
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Tibialis Posterior- DP
Origin- posterior surface of tibia and fibula Insertion- tarsal bones Action- inversion, plantar flexion
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Flexor Digitorum and Flexor Hallucis- DP
Origin- posterior surface of tibia, posterior fibula Insertion- plantar surface of phalanges, plantar surface of great toe Action- flexes phalanges, flexes great toe
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