1. Lower Appendicular Skeleton

2. Pelvic Girdle Composed of sacrum, coccyx, and 2 coxae (hipbones) Coxae have 3 distinct parts: – Ilium – Ischium – Pubis

4. Coxae parts fuse together in the acetabulum(acetabul-), a cup-shaped area on the lateral surface of the hip that receives the head of the femur.

5. Ilium Largest and uppermost portion of the coxa The upper edge is called the iliac crest Joins the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint Anterior superior iliac spine- the bony prominence you feel as your “hipbone”

6. Ischium Forms the lowest portion of the coxa Ischial tuberosity – Points posteriorly AND downward – Supports the weight of the body when sitting Ischial spine – a sharp projection above the ischial tuberosity, near the junction of the ischium and ilium

7. Pubis Anterior portion of the coxa Two pubic bones join midline at the symphysis pubis joint Pubic arch – Angle formed by pubic bones below the symphysis pubis – Arch is wider in females

8. Male vs. female

9. Lower Limb Femur Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges

10. Femur Longest and strongest bone in the body Head at top fits into __________of coxa Greater trochanter – superior, lateral process Lesser trochanter – inferior, medial process Distal end: – Two rounded processes posteriorly: lateral condyle and medial condyle – Patella articulates anteriorly

11. Tibia aka, “shin bone” Proximal end: – Medial and lateral condyles are concave and articulate with condyles of the femur – Tibial tuberosity just below the condyles; attachment point for patellar ligament Distal end: medial malleolus forms prominent bony point of inner ankle

12. Fibula Proximal: head – Articulates with tibia just below the lateral condyle – DOES NOT enter into knee joint or bear any weight Distal: lateral malleolus forms outer prominent bony part of ankle

13. Ankle “Tarsals” “Tiger Cubs Need MILC” Talus Calcaneus (“heel bone”) Navicular Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Cuboid

14. “MILC: Need The Calcium” 1=Medical Cuneiform 2=Intermediate cuneiform 3=Lateral cuneiform 4= Cuboid 5= Navicular 6= Talus 7= calcaneus

15. Foot 5 metatarsals – numbered 1-5 starting medially – Heads at distal ends form the ball of the foot Phalanges – Toes – Each toe has 3 phalanges, except the big toe – What are the phalanges of each toe called? (HINT: Just like the fingers) – Which phalanx is the big toe missing?

16. https://resources.oncourse.iu.edu/access/content/group/FA09-KO-OTHR-PRAC- 18273/Helpful%20Websites/Nicole_s%20Website%20Pages/Bones/Foot-tarsals.JPG