2. Cells and Inheritance Gaiser Life Science

3. Know Evidence Page 40 Cells and Inheritance Do you think heredity factors are carried on body cells or sex cells? Explain your answer.

4. Clarifying ?s Information Page 41 Chromosome Theory of Inheritance - Genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes. - Genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes. - The number of chromosomes are reduced to half to form sex cells – sperm and egg. - The number of chromosomes are reduced to half to form sex cells – sperm and egg. Meosis American geneticists who proposed in 1902 that heredity factors are carried by chromosomes from one generation to the next American geneticists who proposed in 1902 that heredity factors are carried by chromosomes from one generation to the next How? Walter Sutton & Theodore Boveri Cells and Inheritance Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed to 2 different cells. The new cells have half as many chromosomes as body cells. Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed to 2 different cells. The new cells have half as many chromosomes as body cells. DNA - The nitrogen based order on the gene forms genetic code that specifies what type of protein is produced from only 20 amino acids. - The nitrogen based order on the gene forms genetic code that specifies what type of protein is produced from only 20 amino acids. - Cell produces protein and info from specific genes to produce specific proteins protein synthesis

5. Clarifying ?s Information Page 42 Summary: - Ribonucleic acid has a uracil amino acid that replaces thymine. RNA molecules that resemble DNA, carry protein info for protein production in the cell. - any change that happens in a gene or chromosome How? RNA mutation Messenger RNA copies and carries genetic code from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Then transfer RNA carries amino acid and adds it to the growing protein. effects FYI Example: disease resistant vegetables 1. During DNA replication process Cells and Inheritance Where? 2. When chromosomes don’t separate properly 1. helpful Example: body cell mutations that cause cancer2. harmful Example: an extra toe3. neutral Body cell mutations affect only the person with the mutation. Sex cell mutations are passed from parent to offspring Example: cancer Example: hemophilia or sickle cell anemia

7. Page 41 Clarifying ?s Information Cells and Inheritance Chromosome Theory of Inheritance - Genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes. - Genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes. - The number of chromosomes are reduced to half to form sex cells – sperm and egg. - The number of chromosomes are reduced to half to form sex cells – sperm and egg. Meosis How? Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed to 2 different cells. The new cells have half as many chromosomes as body cells. Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed to 2 different cells. The new cells have half as many chromosomes as body cells. DNA - The nitrogen based order on the gene forms genetic code that specifies what type of protein is produced from only 20 amino acids. - The nitrogen based order on the gene forms genetic code that specifies what type of protein is produced from only 20 amino acids. - Cell produces protein and info from specific genes to produce specific proteins protein synthesis American geneticists who proposed in 1902 that heredity factors are carried by chromosomes from one generation to the next American geneticists who proposed in 1902 that heredity factors are carried by chromosomes from one generation to the next Walter Sutton & Theodore Boveri

8. Page 42 Clarifying ?s Information Summary: Cells and Inheritance - Ribonucleic acid has a uracil amino acid that replaces thymine. RNA molecules that resemble DNA, carry protein info for protein production in the cell. - any change that happens in a gene or chromosome How? RNA mutation Messenger RNA copies and carries genetic code from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Then transfer RNA carries amino acid and adds it to the growing protein. effects FYI Example: disease resistant vegetables 1. During DNA replication process Where? 2. When chromosomes don’t separate properly 1. helpful Example: body cell mutations that cause cancer2. harmful Example: an extra toe3. neutral Body cell mutations affect only the person with the mutation. Sex cell mutations are passed from parent to offspring Example: cancer Example: hemophilia or sickle cell anemia

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