1. An Introduction to Visible Human Project Ku-Yaw Chang canseco@mail.dyu.edu.tw Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Da-Yeh University

2. 22004/03/03Medical Imaging System

3. 32004/03/03Medical Imaging System Outline Background Initial Aim Demonstration Users’ Conferences

4. 42004/03/03Medical Imaging System Background Having its roots in a 1986 long-range planning effort of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nlmhome.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nlmhome.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nlmhome.html Foreseeing an increasing role for electronically represented images in clinical medicine and biomedical research Foreseeing an increasing role for electronically represented images in clinical medicine and biomedical research Considering building and disseminating medical image libraries Considering building and disseminating medical image libraries

5. 52004/03/03Medical Imaging System Background The following recommendation was made early in 1989 NLM should undertake a first project building a digital image library of volumetric data representing a complete, normal adult male and female. NLM should undertake a first project building a digital image library of volumetric data representing a complete, normal adult male and female. This Visible Human Project will include This Visible Human Project will include digitized photographic images from cryosectioning digital images derived from computerized tomography and digital magnetic resonance images of cadavers.

6. 62004/03/03Medical Imaging System Background Two-dimensional images are composed of picture elements or pixel. Gray level : 0-255 Gray level : 0-255 Pixel

7. 72004/03/03Medical Imaging System Background Three-dimensional images are composed of volume elements or voxel. Voxel

8. 82004/03/03Medical Imaging System Initial Aim Acquire transverse CT, MRI and cryo- section images of a representative male and female cadaver at an average of one millimeter intervals Visible Human Male Visible Human Male Visible Human Female Visible Human Female

9. 92004/03/03Medical Imaging System Initial Aim The Visible Human Male data set MRI, CT and anatomical images. MRI, CT and anatomical images.MRI Axial images of the head and neck and longitudinal sections of the rest of the body were obtained at 4 mm intervals. Axial images of the head and neck and longitudinal sections of the rest of the body were obtained at 4 mm intervals. Resolution: 256 pixels by 256 pixels Resolution: 256 pixels by 256 pixels Grey tone: 12 bits (0-4095) Grey tone: 12 bits (0-4095)CT Axial scans of the entire body taken at 1 mm intervals Axial scans of the entire body taken at 1 mm intervals Resolution: 512 pixels by 512 pixels Resolution: 512 pixels by 512 pixels Grey tone: : 12 bits (0-4095) Grey tone: : 12 bits (0-4095)

10. 102004/03/03Medical Imaging System Initial Aim The Visible Human Male data set Anatomical images Anatomical images Cross-sections are at 1 mm intervals to coincide with the CT axial images. to coincide with the CT axial images. 1871 cross-sections for both CT and anatomy Complete male data set Size: 15 gigabytes Size: 15 gigabytes Publicly available in November, 1994. Publicly available in November, 1994.

11. 112004/03/03Medical Imaging System Initial Aim The Visible Human Female data set Same characteristics as the The Visible Human Male with the following exception Same characteristics as the The Visible Human Male with the following exception Axial anatomical images were obtained at 0.33 mm intervals. (Male: 1mm) 5,189 anatomical images (Male: 1871 images) Complete female data set Size: 40 gigabytes Size: 40 gigabytes Publicly available in November, 1995. Publicly available in November, 1995.

12. 122004/03/03Medical Imaging System Initial Aim The Visible Human Female data set Spacing in the "Z" direction was reduced to 0.33mm Spacing in the "Z" direction was reduced to 0.33mm To match the 0.33mm pixel sizing in the "X-Y" plane To work with cubic voxels in three-dimensional images.

13. 132004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) CT Scan Prior to Freezing Prior to Freezing Head subset

14. 142004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) CT Scan Prior to Freezing Prior to Freezing Thorax subset

15. 152004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) CT Scan Prior to Freezing Prior to Freezing Abdomen subset

16. 162004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) CT Scan After Freezing After Freezing Head subset

17. 172004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) MRI Scan Thorax subset

18. 182004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) MRI Scan Pelvis subset

19. 192004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) Color cryosection

20. 202004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) Color cryosection

21. 212004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) Color cryosection

22. 222004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) Color cryosection

23. 232004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) Color cryosection

24. 242004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) Color cryosection

25. 252004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration (Male) Color cryosection : from head to toe

26. 262004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration Transverse (or axial) sections

27. 272004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration Coronal sections

28. 282004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration Sagittal sections

29. 292004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration

30. 302004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration

31. 312004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration

32. 322004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration

33. 332004/03/03Medical Imaging System Demonstration

34. 342004/03/03Medical Imaging System Users’ Conferences The Visible Human Project Conferences 1996 1996 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/vhp_conf/v hpconf.htm http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/vhp_conf/v hpconf.htm 1998 1998 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/vhpconf98/ MAIN.HTM http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/vhpconf98/ MAIN.HTM 2000 2000 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/vhpconf20 00/MAIN.HTM http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/vhpconf20 00/MAIN.HTM

35. 352004/03/03Medical Imaging System Reference Websites Fact Sheet : The Visible Human Project http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/visible _human.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/visible _human.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/visible _human.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/visible _human.html Voxel-man Gallery http://www.uke.uni- hamburg.de/zentren/experimentelle_medizin/i nformatik/galerie/io.en.html http://www.uke.uni- hamburg.de/zentren/experimentelle_medizin/i nformatik/galerie/io.en.html http://www.uke.uni- hamburg.de/zentren/experimentelle_medizin/i nformatik/galerie/io.en.html http://www.uke.uni- hamburg.de/zentren/experimentelle_medizin/i nformatik/galerie/io.en.html