1. Open House, Berlin June 3, 2003 Bob Heile, Chairman, Zigbee Alliance Hosted by Nanotron Technologies

2. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 2 Today’s Agenda

3. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 3 Today’s Agenda (2)

4. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 4 Mission Statement To enable reliable, cost-effective, low- power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard.

5. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 5 The ZigBee Alliance Solution Targeted at home and building automation and controls, consumer electronics, PC peripherals, medical monitoring, and toys Industry standard through application profiles running over IEEE 802.15.4 radios Primary drivers are simplicity, long battery life, networking capabilities, reliability, and cost Alliance provides interoperability and certification testing

6. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 6 History ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 19981999200020012002 RSI/TRD Proposals Initial MRDv0.2 PAR Proposal to IEEE Proposals Stand. Complete Reviews ZigBee Alliance formed

7. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 7 Promoter Companies

8. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 8 Membership Classes Promoters –founding members of ZigBee, who form the Board of Directors. There are currently 5 promoters + 1 chairperson Participants –members who generally wish to make technical contributions and/or serve on the Technical Group committees. These members have early access to specifications, and they may also chair working group subcommittees. They are in a position to help shape the ZigBee technology for industrial applications and the connected home.

9. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 9 Working Groups Profile Architecture (Nick Shepherd) Network (Monique Bourgeois) Security (Larry Puhl, acting) Interoperability (Bhupender Virk) Building Automation (Pat Kinney) Marketing (Venkat Bahl)

10. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 10 Organization Structure Larry Puhl, acting

11. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 11 The Wireless Market SHORT LONGLOW HIGH PAN LAN TEXTGRAPHICSINTERNETHI-FI AUDIO STREAMING VIDEO DIGITAL VIDEO MULTI-CHANNEL VIDEO Bluetooth1 Bluetooth 2 ZigBee 802.11b 802.11a/HL2 & 802.11g

12. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 12 Applications ZigBee Wireless Control that Simply Works RESIDENTIAL/ LIGHT COMMERCIAL CONTROL CONSUMER ELECTRONICS TV VCR DVD/CD remote security HVAC lighting control access control lawn & garden irrigation PC & PERIPHERALS INDUSTRIAL CONTROL asset mgt process control environmental energy mgt PERSONAL HEALTH CARE BUILDING AUTOMATION security HVAC AMR lighting control access control mouse keyboard joystick patient monitoring fitness monitoring

13. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 13 Development of the Standard ZigBee Alliance –50+ companies: semiconductor mfrs, IP providers, OEMs, etc. –Defining upper layers of protocol stack: from network to application, including application profiles –First profiles published mid 2003 IEEE 802.15.4 Working Group –Defining lower layers of protocol stack: MAC and PHY scheduled for release in April SILICON ZIGBEE STACK APPLICATION Customer IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee Alliance

14. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 14 Frequencies and Data Rates BAND COVERAGE DATA RATE # OF CHANNEL(S) 2.4 GHz ISM Worldwide 250 kbps 16 868 MHzEurope 20 kbps 1 915 MHz ISM Americas 40 kbps 10

15. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 15 Stack Reference Model IEEE 802.15.4 PHY IEEE 802.15.4 MAC (CPS) ZigBee NWK MAC (SSCS) 802.2 LLC IP APIUDP ZA1ZA2…ZAnIA1IAn Transmission & reception on the physical radio channel Channel access, PAN maintenance, reliable data transport Topology management, MAC management, routing, discovery protocol, security management Application interface designed using general profile End developer applications, designed using application profiles

16. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 16 Protocol Stack Features Microcontroller utilized Full protocol stack <32 k Simple node-only stack ~4k Coordinators require extra RAM –Node device database –Transaction table –Pairing table PHY LAYER 2.4 GHz 915MHz 868 MHz MAC LAYER NETWORK LAYER Star/Cluster/Mesh APPLICATION INTERFACE APPLICATIONS Silicon Application ZigBee Stack Customer IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee Alliance SECURITY

17. ZigBee and Bluetooth Competitive or Complementary?

18. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 18 ZigBee and Bluetooth ZigBee –Smaller packets over large network –Mostly Static networks with many, infrequently used devices –Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc. Bluetooth –Larger packets over small network –Ad-hoc networks –File transfer –Screen graphics, pictures, hands-free audio, Mobile phones, headsets, PDAs, etc. Optimized for different applications

19. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 19 Bluetooth is a cable replacement for items like Phones, Laptop Computers, Headsets Bluetooth expects regular charging –Target is to use <10% of host power ZigBee and Bluetooth Address Different Needs

20. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 20 ZigBee is better for devices Where the battery is ‘rarely’ replaced –Targets are : Tiny fraction of host power New opportunities where wireless not yet used ZigBee and Bluetooth Address Different Needs

21. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 21 Air interface ZigBee DSSS- 11 chips/ symbol 62.5 K symbols/s 4 Bits/ symbol Peak Information Rate ~128 Kbit/second Bluetooth FHSS 1 M Symbol / second Peak Information Rate ~720 Kbit / second ZigBee and Bluetooth

22. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 22 Silicon PHY Layer MAC Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer ZigBee Stack Application Application Interface Application Protocol Stack Comparison Silicon RF Baseband Link Controller Voice Link Manager Host Control Interface L2CAP Telephony Control Protocol Intercom Headset Cordless Group Call RFCOMM (Serial Port) OBEX Bluetooth Stack Applications vCard vCal vNote vMessage Dial-up Networking Fax Service Discovery Protocol User Interface Zigbee Bluetooth ZigBee and Bluetooth

23. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 23 Bluetooth: Network join time = >3s Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically ZigBee: Network join time = 30ms typically Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically Timing Considerations ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications ZigBee and Bluetooth

24. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 24 Initial Enumeration Coordinator ZigBee Bluetooth

25. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 25 ZigBee and Bluetooth BluetoothZigBee AIR INTERFACE FHSS DSSS PROTOCOL STACK 250 kb 28 kb BATTERY rechargeablenon-rechargeable DEVICES/NETWORK 8255 LINK RATE 1 Mbps250 kbps RANGE ~10 meters (w/o pa) ~30 meters Comparison Overview

26. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 26 An Application Example Wireless Light switch – –Easy for Builders to Install A Bluetooth Implementation would either : – keep a counter running so that it could predict which hop frequency the light would have reached or –use the inquiry procedure to find the light each time the switch was operated. Battery Life & Latency in a Light Switch

27. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 27 Light switch using Bluetooth Option 1: use counter to predict hop frequency reached by light –The two devices must stay within 60 us (~1/10 of a hop) –With 30ppm crystals, devices need to communicate once a second to track each other's clocks. –Assume this could be improved by a factor of 100 then devices would need to communicate once every 100 seconds to maintain synchronization. –=> 900 communications / day with no information transfer + perhaps 4 communications on demand –99.5% Battery Power wasted

28. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 28 Light switch using Bluetooth Option 2: Inquiry procedure to locate light each time switch is operated –Bluetooth 1.1 = up to 10 seconds typical –Bluetooth 1.2 = several seconds even if optimized –Unacceptable latency

29. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 29 Light switch using ZigBee With DSSS interface, only need to perform CSMA before transmitting –Only 200 µ s of latency –Highly efficient use of battery power ZigBee offers longer battery life and lower latency than a Bluetooth equivalent.

30. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 30 Conclusion ZigBee targets applications not addressable by Bluetooth or any other wireless standard ZigBee and Bluetooth complement for a broader solution ZigBee and Bluetooth

31. Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 31 More Information ZigBee Alliance web site http://www.ZigBee.org IEEE 802.15.4 web site http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html Bob Heile, Chair bheile@ieee.org