1. Protections from the technical point of view “What you always wanted to know about protections and were afraid to ask…” Petra Píclová Online training 7.6.2012

2. Agenda What is mains protection? Protection functions Different applications Configuration and settings Communication New trends and R&D

3. ≈ = What is mains protection?

4. How mains protections work 500 kW power plant; 0,25 EUR per kWh → EUR 3000 per day Property damage EUR 1 500 000 = 140% of yearly revenue

5. 1. To protect the utility grid (mains) and its consumers 2. To protect the equipment of the site owner 3. To protect the investment of the site operator Role of mains protection

6. ComAp mains protections MainsPro Essential functions Approved by utilities InteliPro Advanced functions Flexible configuration

7. Protective functions

8. Essential protective functions: 2-level over/undervoltage 2-level over/underfrequency Vector shift Rate Of Change Of Frequency Symmetrical components Last trip record Mechanical sealing MainsPro - ingeniously simple

9. Wider range of protective functions Additional features Comprehensive history log Full configurability through PC SW Plug-in communications concept CAN connection to controllers InteliPro - simply ingenious

10. Basic functionsANSI Over/undervoltage, voltage asymmetry27, 59, 47 Over/underfrequency81H, 81L Directional power (both directions)32 + 62 Instantaneous overcurrent, Time overcurrent50, 51 Current asymetry46 Earth fault current50N, 51N Breaker failure protection Automatic fault-reset Analog and binary switches Maximum parallel time Basic protective functions

11. Optional protective functions Optional functions ANSI Vector shift78 ROCOF81R Directional overcurrent67 Sync-check25 Neutral voltage displacement59N Auto-reclosing79 Time overcurrent with voltage restraint51V

12. Voltage Adjustable time delays for both levels, U/O voltage 10 minutes floating average overvoltage Voltage unbalance (ANSI 47) Detection of increased difference of voltage amplitude between two phases Voltage asymmetry Detects angle asymmetry of the measured voltage

13. „Inverse definite minimum time“ overcurrent Moderate, very or extremely inverse ANSI IEC ComAp curve IDMT overcurrent

14. Adjustable direction and limit Directional power 0 kW - kW (export) + kW (import)

15. Directional overcurrent

16. Loss of mains protections Vector shift (ANSI 78) Rate of Change of Frequency – ROCOF (ANSI 81R)

17. Mains protections applications

18. Usual applications CHP Micro-turbines Biogas stations Renewables PV power plants Small hydro Grid-tied wind Biomass plants

19. Different operation Simple application 1 CB operated Complex application 2 CBs operated

20. Simple applications Comm Trp output used CB1 Feedback Remote switching Blocking of functions by Setpoints Binary inputs

21. Complex applications CB1 and CB2 operated independently „Priority switching“ function CBs can be used as backup to each other Blocking of functions

22. Mains protection added value

23. Configuration and settings

24. MainsPro Easy wiring Manual settings and operation No PC SW needed 5 relay outputs 4 binary switches Remote or manual fault reset Automatic return to mains

25. InteliPro Full configurability through LiteEdit PC software

26. Lite Edit

27. Communication

28. Plug-in modules support IB-Lite (Ethernet) IL-NT GPRS IL-NT RS232 (Modbus) IL-NT RS485 (Modbus) IL-NT USB Active SMS messages at pre-set event History log 330 event-driven records InteliPro

29. New trends and Research & Development

30. New trends Widespread power generation Grid stability maintenance Increased requirements

31. Research & Development New features added to MainsPro Average voltage Automatic return to mains 5 last events record (not released yet) New features added to InteliPro Dynamic grid support Pole slip protection (not released yet) QU (reactive power undervoltage) protection (not released yet)

32. Available materials Datasheets Manuals – comprehensive guides Default set up sheet in every box Protection catalogue Technical support

33. Buy Additional Features You pay only for what you need Provides possibility of adding further functions Access through ComAp VIP page

34. Questions?

35. Thank you!