1. Section 1: Deviance Section 2: Crime CHAPTER 8
Deviance and Social Control
Section 1: Deviance
Section 2: Crime

2. Question: What theories have been proposed to explain deviance?
SECTION 1
Deviance
Question:
What theories have been proposed to explain deviance?

3. Deviance SECTION 1 Perspective Theory Questions Functionalist
How do individuals respond to culturally approved goals and the legitimate means of achieving them? (conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion)
Strain
Conflict
What is the result of competition and social inequality? (deviance) How decides what is deviant? (ruling classes)
Interactionist
Why do people conform to norms? (The strength of social ties determines conformity.)
Control
How do people learn conformity or deviance? (through socialization, or interaction with others) Where does this learning mainly occur? (primary groups)
Cultural Transmission
How do people become identified as deviant? (through secondary deviance, or being labeled as deviant)
Labeling

4. SECTION 2
Crime
Question:
What are some characteristics of the American criminal-justice system?

5. Juvenile-Justice System
SECTION 2
Crime
AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM
Police
have the most control over who is arrested for crimes; use police discretion, which has raised the controversial issue of racial profiling
Courts
determines the accused’s guilt or innocence in a court trial and then assigns a punishment; actually settles 90 percent of cases through plea bargaining
Corrections
includes probation, imprisonment, parole; serves four functions—retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and social protection
Juvenile-Justice System
applies to offenders younger than 18; guarantees juvenile defendants the same legal rights and privileges as adults; often provides more services

6. Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 8 1. What are the functions of deviance?
2. How does labeling theory differ from other theories of deviance?
3. Describe the five general categories of crime. Be sure to list the types of crime in each category.
4. What purposes does the corrections system fulfill? How does the juvenile-justice system meet these same purposes?