1. Reinforcing Effort By Tamara and Steve

2. Success  Own innate ability  Assistance from others  Luck  Effort: The wisest choice for someone who intends to achieve success or maintain it, as it is the only one within an individual’s control.

3. Generalizations 1. Not all students realize the importance of believing in effort. heredity, gender, race, backgrounds (stereotyping)heredity, gender, race, backgrounds (stereotyping) 2. Students can learn to operate from a belief that effort pays off even if they do not initially have this belief.

4. Defeated before they start? “Research indicates that students can change their beliefs and make a connection between effort and achievement”

5. Recommendations  Explicitly teach students about the importance of effort.  Have students keep track of their effort and achievement.

6. Rubrics and Spreadsheet Software  An effort rubric can help you and your students evaluate effort  Spreadsheet software can be used to track effort and academic performance

7. Example Effort Rubric One example of an effort rubric can be found at: http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?scre en=ShowRubric&rubric_id=1019137& http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?scre en=ShowRubric&rubric_id=1019137&

8. Example Effort/Achievement Chart Example Effort/Achievement Chart

9. Data Collections Tools  Compare data between students and groups that they associate themselves with  Show younger students survey data from older students  Include Personal Stories “Caught in the Act of Trying Hard” “Caught in the Act of Trying Hard”

10. Information for this presentation was obtained from: Pitler, H., Hubbell, E. R., Kuhn, M., & Malenoski, K. (2007). Using Technology with Classroom Instruction that Works. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.