1. First Inhabitants Human Cultures in North America

2. Terms to Know ArchaeologyArchaeology ArtifactsArtifacts CultureCulture HorticultureHorticulture PalisadePalisade Tribe Clovis Point Atlatl Nomadic

3. North America 12,000 years ago The last Ice Age occurred. A land bridge existed between Asia and North America (Beringia). Georgia’s coast line was a hundred miles east of today’s coast.

4. Paleo Indians First human beings in Georgia Evidence shows they were here 13,250 years ago. They were Nomadic people who followed the herds. Hunter-gatherers - large animals (mammoths, bison), fish,wild plants. Used large spears with stone tips called Clovis points (artifacts). Warm climates caused extinction of many large animals during Paleo period. No Paleo sites have been found in Georgia

5. Clovis Point Used on the end of a long heavy spear.Used on the end of a long heavy spear. It was used for stabbing, not throwing.It was used for stabbing, not throwing.

6. Archaic People 8,000 BC – 1,000 BC (old) Nomadic Improved hunting (small animals) Created hooks and nets for fishing. Began trading with other groups. Atlatl, smaller spear points, stone tools, grooved axe, & pottery This is the prehistoric period in which horticulture began.

7. Atlatl A spear thrower- a tool that uses leverage to achieve a further throw.A spear thrower- a tool that uses leverage to achieve a further throw.

8. LH Page 12 Create a Double Bubble MapCreate a Double Bubble Map Archaic and PaleoArchaic and Paleo

9. Woodland Indians 1,000 BC – 1,000 AD Permanent villages (protective walls) along stream valleys (moist soils) Farming (sunflowers, squash, beans) and improved hunting techniques Bow and arrow replaced spear, new pottery methods (artifacts) Traded with other tribes Ceremonial burial mounds (Kolomoki, Rock Eagle) Mounds, Plants, and Fortified towns are developments of the Woodland Indians.

10. Rock Eagle Effigy Located near Eatonton,GA. Excavations found the remains of one person and a small spear point.

11. Mississippian Culture 800 AD – 1600 AD Civilization with organized towns and cities. Extensive agriculture grew corn, squash, beans – aka: “Three sisters”. Trade with groups as far away as Mexico. Mound building for religious purposes, burial, and public business –Macon, Floyd Co., & Stewart Co. Society created with hierarchies (levels of importance). Stone axes, bowls, painted potteryStone axes, bowls, painted pottery

12. The End Overcrowding, lack of sanitation, and exposure to European diseases (tuberculosis) brought an end to the Mississippian Culture by early 1600s.