1. Bell Work, respond on the sheet you picked up at the front You and your friends have a park you’ve been hanging out at since you were little kids. You’ve had some of your greatest memories at that park. You played sports with your friends there. Your best friend broke there arm there by falling off a slide (they were fine and its still hilarious). You got your first date there, your first kiss. Your family even buried your dog on the outskirts. You and your friends still hang out there when there is nothing to do. Recently though another group showed up. At first it was fine, your friends and those other guys just stayed on opposite ends. But then one day, when it was just you and your best friend. They approached you, threatened you & told you if you ever came back that you’d be sorry. How would you respond to this situation?

2. How is the area on the map divided? What religions are represented in the different quarters? What important landmarks do you see? With which religion is each affiliated? What do you think makes this an important or special city? Why might people have conflicts over this city?

3. -Jews have held it in high esteem since the 4 th century BC -Home to Solomon’s Temple and the Ark of the Covenant, which is said to contain the tablets of the Ten Commandments

4. The Holy Sepulcher or the Sacred Tomb is the most important shrine in the Christian world. On the grounds of the Holy Sepulcher it is believed that Jesus Christ was crucified, buried and rose from the dead.

5. Significance of the City for Muslims -Considered Islam’s third holiest city after Mecca and Medina -The Prophet Muhammad worshipped at the sight of the Dome of the Rock and was given the commandment to pray 5 times a day. -Jerusalem was the Qibla (direction of prayers) during the 16.5 months after Muhammad’s journey to the city.

6. Al-aqsa Mosque: the location of the first Qibla, before Mecca was the direction of prayer. It is the 3 rd holiest mosque for Islam

7. Temple Mount/ Al Haram al-Sharif Where Abraham took Isaac to offer him as a sacrifice Site of the First and Second Temples of Jerusalem Site of the furthest most sanctuary reached by Muhammad and the Angel Gabriel Also home of the Dome of the Rock

10. Crusades Crusades The Crusades were a series of battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East. Christian knights wanted to take the Holy Land and give it back to Christians.

11. The Crusaders were also looking for the relics (holy artifacts) of Christianity. Can you name any? The Holy Grail (cup that held some of Christ’s blood from cross) Spear of Destiny (spear which Roman Soldier poked Christ on cross) Ark of the Covenant (held the 10 Commandments) Christ Burial Shroud (cloth that covered Christ in tomb) Cross (Christ’s) Pieces scattered all throughout the world and many others

12. The Shroud of Turin

13. Why was Constantinople so important geographically?

15. Alexius I of Byzantine Empire Asked For Help and Pope Urban II Called For the 1st Crusade

16. The Crusades The Crusades were a series of eight (8) military campaigns to the Holy Land and Jerusalem. The Christians (Crusaders) were fighting the Muslims for control of Jerusalem. The Christians took control of Jerusalem, but then lost it again.

17. Impact of the Crusades Persecution of Jews and Muslims Economic development via trade (Italian City- States) Genoa & Venice Kings and popes, gained power as a result & began the breakdown of Feudalism Improvements in Technology

18. After the crusades Muslims essentially cut off trade between Europe and Asia Since Europe can no longer access land trade routes with Asia, what do Europeans begin to do?