2. The shadow war: What policymakers need to know about cybersecurity Eric Miller Vice President, Policy, Innovation, and Competitiveness Canadian Council of Chief Executives March 9, 2015

3. 3 3rd Platform 2005-Present 3rd Platform 2005-Present Cloud Big Data Social MOBILE DEVICES BILLIONS OF USERSBILLIONS OF APPS 2rd Platform 1990-2005 2rd Platform 1990-2005 LAN/InternetClient/Server PC HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF USERS HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF APPS 1st Platform 1970-1990 1st Platform 1970-1990 MainframeMini Computer TERMINALS MILLIONS OF USERS THOUSANDS OF APPS EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING Sources: Modified from IDC and RSA

4. Cyber Threats Fraud: Target 2013, Home Depot 2014 National Security: Estonia 2007, Iran Theft of IP/Assets: Finance/DRDC 2011, NRC 2014 Hackivism: Quebec 2012, “Anonymous” fights ISIS 2014-15

5. New Technical Complexity  Spear phishing  Whaling  Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack  Botnets  Zero-day exploit  Watering hole attack  Extortionware  Exploit kits 5

6. The Dark Web 6 “Dark Web”: Collection of websites that are publicly visible but hide IP addresses of servers that run them. Everything from drugs and arms to fake passports and stolen credit cards for sale.

7. Internet of Things 7 Everything that is networked is hackable. By 2020, an estimated 40 billion devices will transmit data over the Internet. Security of devices running our lives will be huge challenge.

8. Collaboration: Key to Progress Neither government nor private sector can solve this challenge alone. Private sector owns 90% of critical infrastructure and most non-critical infrastructure in North America. 8

9. Collaboration: Key to Progress 2 Biggest companies invest heavily in cyber. Public sector makes laws and regulations and brings key capabilities to the table. Public sector also facilities information and capability sharing. 9

10. Closing Questions How do we as a country get ahead of this fast evolving challenge? Are there better ways to work with our allies on cybersecurity? What is the role of Parliament in addressing these challenges? 10