1. Australian Superannuation Investment Conference, Sept 5 th 2013 Bev Durston, Edgehaven Pty Ltd A tale of two pensions: UK & Australia

2. Background and experience Overview of pensions: UK & Australia Compare & contrast DB ideas for DC pension funds Investment observations Next generation pensions Summary A tale of two pensions: UK & Australia

3. Pensions experience in Australia, Singapore & UK Head of Portfolio Risk, Global Portfolio Manager, Deputy CIO 2008 to 2013: BA Pensions: Head of Alternative Assets; DC Trustee for BA Pensions Edgehaven Pty Ltd (Royal Mail Pension Plan) Background and Experience

4. Heavy DB influence but now switching focus to DC Cutting back on DB promises, closing schemes to future accrual Industry dominated by DB assets Initiation of “compulsory” DC to broaden the scope of pensions investing Australia 20 years ago? Overview of pensions: UK

7. Heavy focus on accumulation: aim only to produce a pot of money at retirement Balances not (yet) big enough for meaningful incomes in retirement Longevity risk: Members face a very real risk of running out of money in old age Increasing age care costs with no policy (insurance) solution in place Members can take 100% cash at retirement Overview of pensions: Australia

8. Pension Policy Framework: ItemAustraliaUK DC Super contributionsCompulsory, 9% Auto enrolled to 8%, opt out Taxation in accumulationTaxed but advantagedTax free At retirementUp to 100% cashMax 25% cash Govt (Age) pensionMean tested Non means tested Income stream in retirement N/a Forced annuitisation Compare & contrast

9. A key difference: No member choice of scheme in the UK  Bespoke member analysis: Trustees focus on their member characteristics and devise policy according to their needs;  No league tables produced which rank returns;  No “peer group risk”;  No “one size fits all” investment default policy in DC; Compare & contrast

10. 1. Switch to an income focus in retirement DB ideas for DC pension funds

11. 1. Switch to an income focus in retirement; 2. Benchmarking: Define your income objective as an inflation linked bond  Gap Analysis: “Glide path” plan to move towards it DB ideas for DC pension funds

12. 1.Switch to an income focus in retirement 2. Benchmarking: Define your income objective as an inflation linked bond  Gap Analysis: “Glide path” plan to move towards it 3.Manage longevity risk: Build tools to transfer longevity risk  Consider annuitisation: Ideally “staged” but possibly forced DB ideas for DC pension funds

13. DC Default investment policy: “One size fits all” investment is a poor proxy for risk return appetite across time. Why is a 25 year old invested identically to a 59 year old? Do they have the same risk appetite as one approaches a retirement decision point?  Consider Target date (or Lifecycle) investing Investment observations

14. Source Mercer Consulting

15. DC investment breadth Why is this different from DB? DC members seem “second class citizens”  Over reliance on equity risk rather than diversified growth Investment observations

16. Capital allocation DOES NOT EQUAL risk Source: Blackrock

17. Investment observations Source: Mercer Consulting Using diversified growth strategies and tapering risk before retirement offers less extreme outcomes than 100% equities: Investment strategy100% Equities50/50 DGF100% DGF + Equities Median income replacement ratio:70%72%69% Downside 1 in 10 chance:33%42%44% Min income replacement ratio:20%28%35% Max income replacement ratio:220%150%125% (Assuming 40 year investing of 14% contributions and 5 year lifestyle policy)

18. DC investment breadth Why is this different from DB? DC members seem “second class citizens”  Inappropriate focus on liquidity rather than on risk Investment observations

19. Using only a risk and return lens this investment strategy look diversified…..

20. Investment observations Using risk and return only it looks diversified….. But this strategy becomes one dimensional using a liquidity lens

21. Investment observations A one dimensional strategy on liquidity misses out on diversifying, less liquid opportunities

22. Recognition that the individual is ill equipped to manage the many risks of DC:  The European ideal: risk sharing between employer and employee  UK considering “Defined Ambition” and “DB minus”  Consider a guaranteed minimum outcome for DC Next generation pension schemes

23. Similar origins for UK and Australian schemes Australia now moving to focus on the decumulation phase Ideas from DB may be useful for DC Investment strategy has evolved beyond one size fits all Policy changes may be needed Next generation pensions will be different again….. Summary

24. If you do what you’ve always done, you’ll get what you’ve always got. (Henry Ford) Summary

25. If you do what you’ve always done, you’ll get what you’ve always got. (Henry Ford) For Australian Super Schemes: “Static is the new risk” Summary

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