1. The Birth of Our Nation Part 8

2. XV. The Industrial Revolution and its effect on America – The Industrial Revolution was a change in how people produced things, changing from hand tools to machines and large-scale industrial production a. The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain Began using steams and burning coal to produce power At the same time, advances in diet, medicine, sanitation enabled people to live longer

3. b. Revolutionizing America Most of the necessary resources were available in the U.S. - rushing rivers, coal, iron ore, stream of unskilled immigrants The Embargo Act of 1807 brought our once thriving foreign trade to a standstill, developing production at home of products we did not have to export Post War of 1812, Americans turned their attention to developing domestic industries c. New England - first on board Very reliant on shipping and foreign trade - embraced new forms of manufacturing First successful mechanized textile factory

4. XVI. Differences between the North and the South a. The North Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan; small farms, would grow all that they needed Cities grew, farming changed. They grew corn that did not need the labor Late 1700s, slavery was dying out - rise of religious and political opposition to slavery b. The South Ely Witney and the Cotton En Gin e changed the course of the South – One worker could clean 50 times more cotton than before By 1820 a plantation system of farming turned the South into a booming Cotton Kingdom

6. c. Slavery in America in the early 1800s Rich plantation owners wanted slavery to remain By 1820s, demand for slaves had grown South grew from 700,000 slaves to 1.2 million slaves There were some freed slaves in the South Slavery in the South at this time has been compared to holding an angry wolf by the neck… – To change one’s grip would have been disaster – The best course was to just hang on

7. XVII. The “American System” – America needed a plan to unify the nation – President Madison proposed a plan to Congress Establish a protective tariff Resurrect the national Bank (had been reduced in influence under President Jefferson) Develop transportation systems and internal improvements

8. a. The National Bank and Tariffs The Second National Bank – Regional banks issued their own bank notes – Would make available currency guaranteed accepted nationwide The Tariff of 1816 – During the War of 1812, foreign traders stockpiled merchandise they could now sell cheap – Would increase the cost of foreign goods – South and West were against it - they weren’t in to manufacturing and liked the low cost of foreign goods – North needed it to compete

9. b. The Erie Canal - Clinton’s Ditch Joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean New York City became the dominant port in the country Other states saw the benefit, and began to build their own canals

12. The End of Part 8