1. Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism
Chapter 7
Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

5. Objectives
Describe the effects of the Industrial Revolution on the US.
Explain how two different economic systems developed in the North and South.
Describe the tension between Adams and Jackson.
Explain Jackson’s spoils system and his appeal to the common citizen.
Identify some of Jackson’s economic policies and their impact on his successor.

6. Regional Economies Create Differences
Eli Whitney: demonstrated the 1st musket of interchangeable parts
Mass production: production of goods in large quantities
Brought about an Industrial Revolution: economic reorganization as machines replaced hand tools

8. Great Britain Started 18th century Power-driven machinery
Mass-produced textiles

9. Industrial Revolution in US
Thomas Jefferson: Embargo Act of 1807
War of 1812
Forced Americans to develop industries
Embargo: prohibited American from shipping goods to Europe

10. New England Industrializes
Using plans from an English mill
Francis Cabot Lowell built a weaving factory in Waltham, MA
People came for work

12. Two-Economic Systems
Cash crops did not grow in the north but they did in the south
Northern farmers had small farms that didn’t require much labor to flourish

13. Cotton is King Whitney: cotton gin (1793)
Short-staple cotton was easier to grow but harder to clean than long-staple
Cotton gin: made it possible for farmers to grow short- staple for more money
Plantation owners bought up all the land and through slave labor cultivated it
1820: the plantation system was common (LA,MS, AL)

14. Slavery
Slave importation declined during the Am. Rev. by 1820’s slaves grew
: slaves 700,000 to 1,200,000; Cotton 3,000 bales to 178,000 bales

15. American System Develop transportation systems Est. protective tariff
Resurrect national bank

16. Erie Canal
National road: (1811) from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois
Erie Canal:
363 miles
Eight years to dig
Linked Hudson River to Lake Erie

21. Nationalism Shapes Policy
John Q. Adams: est. foreign policy guided by nationalism
National interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns
Monroe Doctrine: After Spain and Portugal defeated Napoleon in 1815, they wanted to reclaim former colonies in Latin America
Many Americans wanted northern Mexico and Spanish colony of Cuba
President Monroe: warned all outside powers not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere

22. Missouri Compromise New states added to the Union Slave or free?
Louisiana Territory split into two spheres at the 36’30’ north latitude
South: slavery (Legal)
North: except Missouri (Slavery banned)

24. Andrew Jackson
1824: Jackson won the popular vote but not the electoral vote
House of Reps had to decide (nobody won majority)
Henry Clay (Speaker of the House) hated Jackson
Jackson lost
Adams won
Jacksonians claimed Dams stole the election when Adams appointed Clay secretary of state

25. Election of 1828 Most states eased the voting requirements
1824: 350,000 white males voted
1828: 3X that voted
Jackson had great appeal to the common man
Humble origins
Old Hickory

26. Spoils System “To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy”
Fired 10% of the federal employees from former presidents
“Kitchen Cabinet” gave jobs to loyal Jacksonians
Slipped into the White House through the kitchen

27. Indian Removal Act 1830 Jackson: assimilation could not work
Forced Native Americans to move west
Trail of Tears
800 mile trip
Cherokee force to relocate
Government stole money and possessions along the way
25% of their people died

28. The Great Father