1. Estimating Highway Pavement Damage Costs Attributed to Truck Traffic Yong Bai, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE Associate Professor Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering The University of Kansas

2. Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof.

3. Objectives Determine truck vehicle miles traveled (VMT) associated with processed beef and related industries in southwest Kansas. Understand the models used to estimate the pavement damage costs. Understand the limitations of current models used to estimate the pavement damage costs.

4. Introduction Kansas is one of the leaders in meat production in the United States. Traditionally, processed meat, meat byproducts, grain, and other related products are transported primarily using heavy trucks. The industries will continue to grow and there will be more trucks on highways transporting meat and meat-related products.

5. Project Goal To estimate the pavement damage cost attributed to the truck traffic associated with the processed meat and related industries in southwest Kansas.

6. Project Scope US Highway 50/400 between Garden City and Dodge City in Kansas (41.13 miles) 24 counties in southwest Kansas

7. Benefits Select cost-effective transportation modes for the meat processing and related industries Assess highway maintenance needs and set up maintenance priorities Determine reasonable user costs

8. Data Collection Truck Characteristics and Type Pavement Characteristics Data Pavement Maintenance Cost Data

9. Truck Characteristics & Type Gross vehicle weight (GVW) Selected truck type and axle configuration

10. Pavement Data Pavement type, length, and structure Structural number for flexible pavement (SN) or thickness for rigid pavement (d) Initial present serviceability rating (PSR I )

11. Pavement Data Terminal present serviceability rating (PSR T ) Pavement maximum feasible life in years (L) Typical pavement performance (t)

12. Pavement Data No.Beginning PointEnding PointLengthType PS 11.4km E Garden CityECoL Finney10.13 milesFlexible PS 2WCoL GrayWCL Cimarron18.14 milesFlexible PS 3ECL CimarronECoL Gray4.29 milesFlexible PS 4WCoL FordJct. US-50/US-4008.57 milesComposite

13. Pavement Maintenance Data Pave. Seg. No. Maintenance Cost Data YearProjectTotal Cost PS 12005K-6374-01$15,908,221 PS 21985K-1764-01$3,074,770 1997K-6190-01$999,522 2004K-9324-01$1,653,059 PS 31992K-4038-01$1,685,548 2001K-8146-01$746,771 PS 41981K-1228-01$3,595,654 1989K-3643-01$272,433 1992K-4039-01$627,261 1992K-4609-01$448,390 2001K-8145-01$220,173 2003K-8145-02$1,730,826

14. Maintenance Cost in 2007 Dollar Value Pavement SegmentMaintenance Costs No.DescriptionsYearProjectPrevious Dollar * 2007 Dollar PS 1 US-50 Finney Co. East of Garden City to the ECL (10.13 miles) 2005K-6374-01$15,908,221$16,887,032 PS 2 US-50 Gary County from the WCL to Cimarron (18.14 miles) 1985K-1764-01$3,074,770$5,891,577 1997K-6190-01$999,522$1,343,274 2004K-9324-01$1,653,059$1,806,342 PS 3 US-50 in Gray Co. from Cimarron to the ECL (4.29 miles) 1992K-4038-01$1,685,548$2,626,029 2001K-8146-01$746,771$891,684 PS 4 US-50 in Ford Co. from the WCL east to US-400 (8.57 miles) 1981K-1228-01$3,595,654$7,754,356 1989K-3643-01$272,433$463,799 1992K-4039-01$627,261$977,252 1992K-4609-01$448,390$698,577 2001K-8145-01$220,173$262,898 2003K-8145-02$1,730,826$1,948,060 * Interest Rate r = 3%

15. Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related Industries Feed Grain Feeder Cattle Feed Yards Meat Processing Plants Byproducts to U.S. Final Destinations Meat to U.S. Customers Meat to Export Customers

16. Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related Industries

17. Travel path estimation assumptions  A county centroid o Aggregation of the feed yards o Must be located on a highway  TransCAD travel path analysis o Least distance and cost criteria o Giving priority to the state highway system which provides better serviceability

18. Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related Industries Centroids and major highways in 24 counties

19. Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related Industries Pavement Segment No. Total Annual Truckloads Total Daily Truckloads Total Annual Truck VMTs Total Daily Truck VMTs PS 1111,0783041,125,2203,083 PS 2111,0783042,014,9545,520 PS 3112,954309484,5641,328 PS 4112,954309968,0122,652

20. Highway Damage Cost Analysis

21. Studied Highway Section (41.13 miles) Projected Annual Pavement Damage Costs Associated with Processed Meat and Related Industries on the Studied Highway Section (41.13 miles)

22. Highway Damage Cost Analysis Major Highways (1,835 miles) in southwest Kansas Projected Annual Pavement Damage Costs Associated with Processed Meat and Related Industries on the Major Highways (1,835 miles) in southwest Kansas

23. Conclusions For the studied highway section (41.13 miles), the total annual highway damage cost associated with processed meat industries was estimated at $71,019, or $1,727 per mile. The annual damage cost per truck per mile was approximately $0.02.

24. Conclusions If the same truck traffic presented on all major highways in southwest Kansas (approximately 1,835 miles), the total annual damage costs attributed to processed meat and related industries would be $3,169,045.

25. Limitations Truck traffic may be underestimated Truck travel routes may not be accurate Inflation adjustment for pavement maintenance costs may be lower than actual numbers

26. Acknowledgement Support for this research was provided by a grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program to the Mid-America Transportation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. This project was also funded in part by Kansas Department of Transportation.

27. Slide design © 2009, Mid-America Transportation Center. All rights reserved. Yong Bai Steven Schrock Thomas Mulinazzi Wenhua Hou Chunxiao Liu Umar Firman Project Team Members