1. a PRESERVING AIRPORT PAVEMENTS Highlights from 2010 ACRP Synthesis FAA Eastern Region 2011 Airports Conference Paul W. Wilke, P.E. Principal Engineer

2. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Why the Interest in Pavement Preservation? Airport Pavements- a Huge Investment Important to Preserve Investment Effective Pavement Preservation Program: Right Pavement Right Treatment Right Time

3. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Pavement Condition Vs Time Time (Years) Pavement Condition Good Poor $1 here... or $4-10 here?

4. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Traditional Approach Allows deterioration to fair to poor conditions Major rehabilitation or reconstruction required Clearly reactive, time consuming and costly

5. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Proactive Approach Applies low-cost preventive treatments 5 to 7 year life Timing is critical Good Condition No structural damage

6. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility ACRP Synthesis Project 11-03 Synthesis = state-of-the-art practice Project 11-03- Common Airport Pavement Maintenance Practices: Overview of current maintenance practices Use of PMS to schedule and budget M & R Catalog of preservation treatments

7. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility ACRP Synthesis Project 11-03 Includes survey of 50 airports Use of APMS Procedures to select M&R treatments Usage & effectiveness of various treatments

8. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Presentation Overview Review main components of APMS Describe APMS role in pavement preservation Review survey results Introduce Synthesis catalog of pavement treatments

9. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Main Components of Airport Pavement Management

10. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility The Survey Says….. 2004 Survey- of State Aviation Agencies: 84% agencies using APMS Noted increase in condition over time 2009 Survey- 50 Individual Airports 60% operate APMS 23% developing an APMS 17% do not have APMS

11. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Age Distribution of APMS’s

12. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Satisfaction Level with APMS

13. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 1- Design of APMS Management Considerations: Decide who will operate Budget for operation Integration into decision making Support by upper management

14. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 1- Design of APMS Technical Aspects: Select APMS software Establish database Select methodologies:  Pavement condition evaluation  Forecasting future conditions  M&R selection & prioritization

15. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 2- Pavement Inventory & Evaluation Inventory= basic building block of APMS Sectioning of network Homogeneous units Similar pavement structure & condition Basic unit for decision making (repair unit)

16. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Sectioning at Small GA Airport

17. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Sectioning at Large Commercial Airport

18. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 2- Pavement Inventory & Evaluation Inventory information for each section: Pavement structure M&R history Pavement condition Traffic data

19. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 2- Pavement Inventory & Evaluation Pavement Condition Data Surface Distress (PCI Method) Roughness Friction

20. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Excellent 100 85 70 55 40 PCI Rating Failed Very Good Good Fair Poor Very Poor 25 0 10 Distress Type PCI Distress Quantity Distress Severity 9 7 4 1 Sample Units PCI Method

21. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Survey- Pavement Characteristics Evaluated RUNWAYSTAXIWAYS AND OTHER FACILITIES PAVEMENT CHARACTERISTICUSAGE % AVERAGE FREQUENCY (YEARS) USAGE % AVERAGE FREQUENCY (YEARS) PCI783.4543.3 ROUGHNESS12N/A4 FRICTION22N/A8 FWD TESTING183.712N/A NOTES: FWD: FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER N/A: DATA NOT AVAILABLE OR INSUFFICIENT

22. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 2- Pavement Inventory & Evaluation Condition Evaluations: Assess overall network condition Trends in condition Documentation of PMS benefits Documentation of funding needs Technical analysis of pavement performance

23. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Graphical Displays Help Convey Results  Current PCI By Section

24. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Example of a graphical display of PCI PCI Trends By Facility Graphical Displays Help Convey Results

25. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Evaluation for Preventive Maintenance PM should be applied when most cost-effective Condition surveys ideally done annually Survey- avg frequency of PCI survey = 3 yrs Ideal time for crack filling Past ideal time

26. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Performance Prediction Typical planning period = 5 yrs Need to predict future conditions Several methods (many based on “family modeling”)

27. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Family Modeling

28. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 3- Technology of Pavement Treatments Selecting appropriate treatments is important part of pavement management Synthesis contains Catalog: 24 AC treatments 24 PCC treatments

29. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Sample- Catalog of Treatments Operational Graphic Purpose & Selection Criteria Service Life & Cost Materials & Construction Airport use Resources (publications)

30. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Survey- Use of AC Treatments TREATMENT TYPE SURVEY RESULT % USAGEPERFORMANCE ROUTINE HAVE TRIED TOTAL VERY GOOD GOODPOOR CRACK SEALING WITH HOT POURED SEALANT 841195197110 COLD APPLIED SEALANT 9716176617 SMALL AREA (POTHOLE) PATCHING USING HOT MIX52166842580 COLD MIX431861135037 PROPRIETARY MIX91120255025 SPRAY PATCHING(INCLUDES MANUAL CHIP SEAL) 571101000 MACHINE PATCHING WITH AC27144139556 MILLING AND MACHINE PATCHING WITH AC34185239610 TEXTURIZING USING FINE MILLING751120800 CONTROLLED SHOT BLASTING 016 07129

31. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Survey- Use of AC Treatments (cont’d) TREATMENT TYPE SURVEY RESULT % USAGEPERFORMANCE ROUTINE HAVE TRIED TOTAL VERY GOOD GOODPOOR REJUVENATORS, FOG SEALS, ETC302352235918 SURFACE TREATMENT15184368113 SLURRY SEAL232548107515 MICRO- SURFACING291125750 HOT MIX OVERLAY45236848 4 MILLING AND HOT MIX OVERLAY45186458420 HOT IN PLACE RECYCLING527N/A COLD IN PLACE RECYCLING202N/A WHITE TOPPING77146020

32. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 4- Identification of Needs Based on condition surveys, performance predictions, & criteria built into APMS Criteria based on 3 concepts: Maintenance policies Level of service Trigger values

33. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 4- Identification of Needs MicroPaver identifies 2 levels of needs: Localized maintenance & repair  Year 1-specific treatments based on distresses  Future years- $ based on PCI ranges Generalized major M&R  unit $ based on PCI level

34. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 4- Identification of Needs Example Maintenance Plan BRANCH NAME SECTION NO: PAVEMENT SURFACE DISTRESS MAINTENANCE TREATMENT COST TYPESEVERITYQUANTITYUNIT A0120 CORNER BREAK HIGH11Slab FULL DEPTH PATCHING WITH PCC $9,500 LINEAR CRACKING MEDIUM150FeetCRACK SEALING$400 JOINT SEAL DAMAGE HIGH460SlabJOINT SEALING$34,000 SHATTERED SLAB HIGH4Slab FULL DEPTH PATCHING WITH PCC $4,700 CORNER SPALLING HIGH12Slab PARTIAL DEPTH PATCHING WITH PCC $800 TOTAL$49,400

35. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 4-Identification of Needs Example multi-year M&R plan Plan YearBranch NameSection Number Section Area(sft) Maintenance($)Major M&R ($)Cost($) 2,011A011048,0000238,000 2046,00049,4000 2,012TWEAST1017,800097,100 2,013RW153310205,6000945,900 2,014APWEST1041,0000120,000 2,015TERMB10150,000245,0000 5 YEAR PLAN TOTAL=294,4001,401,0001,695,400

36. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Level of Service Targets

37. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 4- Costs for Unlimited Budget Scenario Unit costs are applied to all identified needs No regard to available budget An objective statement of needs

38. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Short vs. Long-Term Planning Discuss in terms of short-term & long-term planning Short Term Planning: Done without considering alternatives Establishes priorities based on  Levels of service thresholds  Safety  Cost effectiveness

39. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Long-Term Planning Long Term Planning-Evaluation of alternative scenarios/management strategies Examples: Network condition in 10 years (existing budget) Funding level required to achieve specific condition Impact of diverting $ to preventive maintenance

40. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Network Condition Scenarios

41. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Long-Term Planning Performance Prediction for Alternative Treatments

42. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 5- Prioritization, Planning & Budgeting Short Term: Simplified analysis- no future M&R alternatives Establish priorities based on:  Safety  Cost-effectiveness  Critical condition level

43. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 5- Prioritization, Planning & Budgeting Long-Term: Multi-year prioritization of alternative treatments Typically based on cost effectiveness

44. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Cost- Effectiveness Defined

45. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Survey: Programming & Budgeting

46. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Budget Development Process Budget Development Process

47. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 5- Budget Evaluation Budget Evaluation Tools: Monitoring performance trends Monitoring expenditures over time Tracking backlog of un-funded preservation needs Evaluating consequences of budget levels on future conditions

48. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Computational Support Extensive data processing to manage database & prioritization/budgeting APMS software facilitates data processing

49. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Survey- APMS Software Usage

50. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Advantages/Disadvantages of MicroPaver Advantages: Supported by FAA & other agencies Relatively inexpensive Incorporates ASTM PCI methodology Can be integrated with GIS Dependable performance prediction

51. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Advantages/Disadvantages of MicroPaver Advantages (cont’d): Customized reports Customized maintenance policy Estimates pavement life extension from treatments Evaluation of budget alternatives

52. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Advantages/Disadvantages of MicroPaver Disadvantages: Cost of M&R based on PCI range (not specific treatments) Limited optimization  Based on PCI  no specific M&R cost-benefit

53. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Survey- Operation of APMS

54. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility New FAA Software- PAVEAIR For use on commercial & GA airports Web-based- data for multiple airports on FAA server Enable monitoring AIP project performance Existing MicroPaver fields importable Available soon as free download

55. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 6- Project Design & Implementation Design: Network level APMS- provides multi- year M&R program Project level APMS- provides final treatment and technical details Implementation & Monitoring: APMS useful to monitor M&R performance Survey Only 45 % using APMS to monitor performance of past M&R

56. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Step 7- Operation, Sustainability & Enhancement Success of pavement preservation program & its sustainability closely linked document & communicate successes to top management Seek sustained preservation funding

57. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Summary PAVEMENT PRESERVATION IS SELECTING THE RIGHT PAVEMENT RIGHT TREATMENT RIGHT TIME

58. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility QUESTIONS

59. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Example Decision Tree Structural Deterioration CrackingRuttingPossible Treatment No Low Medium Low Medium High Crack seal 50 mm overlay Mill and fill 80 mm High

60. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Preservation Techniques Micro- Surfacing Crack Seal Fog Seal Thin HMA Overlay Slurry Seal Ultrathin Bonded Wearing Course

61. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Micro-Surfacing Inhibits raveling & surface oxidation Improves texture Fills ruts/minor irregularities Seals surface Mixture of high-quality fine aggregates & polymer-modified emulsion binder

62. a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Micro-Surfacing