1. P14421:Smart PV Panel Team Leader: Bobby Jones Sean Kitko Alicia Oswald Danielle Howe Chris Torbitt

2. AGENDA Background Problem Statement Customer Needs Engineering Requirements System Analysis Concept & Architecture Development Engineering Analysis Risk Assessment Test Plan

3. BACKGROUND

4. Advance Power Systems ◦Jasper Ball ◦Atlanta, GA Snow reduces power output of PV panels Develop method to prevent snow from accumulating in the first place ◦Apply current to conductive, heating ink ◦Keep temperature of panel surface above freezing ◦Sense presence of snow PROJECT BACKGROUND

5. Current State ◦Current snow removal techniques make use of manual labor or mechanical systems that can freeze up when needed. Desired State ◦A robust, automated snow removal system that can be used for large and small scale PV applications. Goals ◦Prevents snow accumulation ◦Easily incorporated into current manufacturing process ◦Used on single panels ◦Energy efficient PROBLEM STATEMENT

6. RE-FOCUSED SCOPE Primarily Focused on: ◦Heating Element Layout ◦Power Electronics ◦Control Electronics ◦Sensing Method and Evaluation Secondary Focus: ◦Sensor Integration ◦Manufacturing Integration

7. Working prototype with ink, control and heating systems Possible sensing methods Test proof of capabilities User and assembly manual Design drawings BOM Edge documentation MSD poster Technical paper PROJECT DELIVERABLES

8. Needs List

9. Engineering Requirements

10. Engineering vs. Customer Req.

11. BENCHMARKING ThermaPAVER ◦Heat transfer solution ◦Uses pump to push heated water through tubing in pavement ◦PV collector to power pump Warmzone ◦Electric Radiant Heating  Radiant heating cables installed under pavement ◦Hydronic System  Combination of hot water and antifreeze circulates through tubing in pavement Both use an aerial snow sensor that detects temperature and precipitation

12. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

13. FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION

14. CONCEPT & ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT

15. ALTERNATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

16. Possible Concepts OptionsSensor(s)Initiate HeatingSupply Power ASonic, ThermometerControl SystemPowered by panel output BCapacitanceSensor SignalBattery COptical, ThemocouplesSwitchGrid DHeat VisionClapperHamsters EHumidity Sensor, Thermometer, OpticalCellphone AppGeothermal battery FLaser, MoistureOn/Off SwitchWind turbine GConductivity, ThermocouplesControl SignalBattery HTemperature, Optical, MoistureControl SignalBattery, Charged by panel Manual Removal

17. ARCHITECTURE

18. ENGINEERING ANALYSIS

19. RISK ASSESSMENT

20. RISK ASSESSMENT CON’T

21. TEST PLAN OUTLINE Test Ink ◦Verify heat dispersion, and ink durability Test Control System ◦Verify appropriate output signal and system response Test Battery ◦Verify battery life/performance and response to cold Test Power/Charging Electronics ◦Verify power output and charging capabilities Test Sensors ◦Test different sensing options System Integration Test ◦Verify all subsystems operate together

22. SCHEDULE

23. Questions?

24. BACK-UP SLIDES