1. Chapter 13 Worksheets
Section 1-4

2. 13.1 After You Read: Streams and Rivers
What is a drainage basin, or watershed? What separates two drainage systems from each other?
A drainage basin, or watershed, is all of the land that drains into a certain river and its tributaries. A divide separates two drainage basins.
Oxygen acting on iron
Burrowing animals

5. 13.1 After You Read: Streams and Rivers
Gradient
How much energy river has to erode materials
Discharge
Size and shape of channel

6. 13.2 Stream Erosion and Deposition
What is the difference between a stream’s competence and its capacity?
The competence is the maximum size of the particles a stream can carry, while capacity is a measure of the total amount of sediment it can carry.

7. 13.2 After You Read: Stream Erosion and Deposition
In suspension
In bed load
In solution
In bed load
In suspension
In bed load
In solution
In suspension

8. 13.3 River Valleys
Gully
Canyon
V-shaped valley
Base Level

9. 13.3 River Valleys After You Read
Explain how Niagra Falls illustrates the process of recession by undermining.
Niagra Falls’ falling water erodes the shale rock around its plunge pool, leaving the overhanging layer of dolomite rock unsupported.
ES1305 – Waterfall Erosion

10. 13.3 River Valleys After You Read
How can headward erosion lead to stream piracy?
When land is worn away at the head of a stream and the stream eventually breaks through a divide, the first stream can capture the headwaters of a second river.

11. Headward Erosion

12. 13.4 Floodplains and Floods
List the advantages and disadvantages, or limitations, of three methods of flood control; replanting where vegetation has been removed, building dams, and building artificial levees.
Can reduce runoff
Cannot prevent floods
If dam breaks, resulting flood is worse than without dam
Reservoirs can store excess runoff
Deeper depth of river produces greater velocity and greater erosive force
Allows deeper river to hold more water

13. 13.4 Floodplains and Floods
List three human activities that can cause or worsen floods and tell how they cause problems. Covering land with pavement makes land unable to absorb water; removing vegetation from slopes increases runoff; and development displaces the wetlands that would otherwise act as natural sponges.