1. Association of California Airports ACA Annual Conference Pavement Evaluation Pavement Maintenance/Management Plan (PMMP) September 11, 2014 Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER 6125 King Road, Suite 201 Loomis, California 95650 brandley@rwbrandley.com (916) 652-4725

2. “We Are Throwing Too Much Money at the Symptoms Not Enough at Determining the Cause of Distress” ~Herman Bliss Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER 2

3. Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER There are Four Major Items that Need to be Considered in Evaluating a Pavement and Developing a PMMP:  Geotechnical  Surface Distress  Deep-Seated Distress  Frost Action 3

4. Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER Geotechnical Studies – Applied Soil Mechanics  Pavement History  Pavement Section  Soil Profile – 200’ to 500’ Hole Spacing – 10’ to 15’ Deep  Testing  Soil Classification  Dry Density  Natural Moisture Content  Ground Water Table and Fluctuations  Strength – CBR  Consolidation  Swell 4

5. Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER Geotechnical Studies – Applied Soil Mechanics 5  Tampa International – Expansive CTB

6. Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER Geotechnical Studies – Applied Soil Mechanics Stockton Metropolitan Airport & Rio Vista Municipal Airport Swelling Soil 6

7. Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER Surface Distress – Pavement Condition Survey Features that Cause Surface Distress:  Weathering  Environmental  Frost Action  Loading – Type and Frequency  Jet Blast  Fuel/Oil Spills  Geotechnical and Subgrade Problems  Type of Pavement Section 7

8. Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER Surface Distress – Pavement Condition Survey Surface Distress Types:  Cracking  Shoving  Weathering  Raveling  Rutting  Fuel Spill Deterioration  Bleeding  Patching  Depressions 8

9. Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER Surface Distress – Pavement Condition Survey PCI vs. Time 9

10. Deep Seated Distress Factors to use in Fatigue Analysis:  Pavement Section – Type and Thickness  Subgrade & Subsoil Stratification to 10’ to 15’ Depth  Modulus of Elasticity of Each Layer FWD Back-Calculation (Slide #11) Deflection Bowl (Slide #12)  Operations vs. Coverages  Traffic Index (Slide #13)  Failure and Criteria Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER 10

11. Deep Seated Distress – FWD Deflections Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER 11

12. Deep Seated Distress – FWD Deflection Bowl 12 Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER

13. Deep Seated Distress – Traffic Indexes Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER 13

14. Deep Seated Distress R. W. Brandley Fatigue Analysis 61-Year Performance Record Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER FAARFIELD 4 to 5-Year Performance Record 14

15. Deep Seated Distress Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER Comparative Study of Remaining Life Brandley and FAARFIELD 15

16. PMMP - Deep-Seated Distress – Brandley Fatigue Analysis 16

17. PMMP - Remaining Life – Brandley vs. FAARFIELD Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER 17

18. Frost Action Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER  Frost Heave  Spring Melt – Super-Saturation  Depth of Frost Penetration 18

19. PMMP - Brandley Test Hole & Pit Plan and Soil Profiles 19

20. PMMP - Surface Distress – Pavement Condition Index (PCI) 20

21. PMMP – Pavement Condition Survey & Rehab. Schedule Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER 21

22. PMMP - Rehabilitation Plan – Each Unit Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER 22

23. PMMP - Maintenance and Rehabilitation Schedule – By Year Reinard W. Brandley CONSULTING AIRPORT ENGINEER 23

24. PMMP - Maintenance & Rehabilitation Schedule – By Year 24