1. Lesson 32: Doctrine & Decline The nadir of the Papacy and the salvation of the common man

2. Apostolic Church Apostolic Fathers Church Councils Church History Ca. 30AD590 AD1517 AD Golden Age of Church Fathers Ancient Church HistoryMedieval Church HistoryModern Church History The Pre-Reformers The First Medieval Pope The Rise of the Holy Roman Empire The Crusades The Papacy in Decline

3. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN CRISIS Philip the Fair (1285-1314) Boniface III (1294-1303) Unam sanctam France 1301 issued papal edict “bull” “We are forced by the faith to believe and hold, and we do indeed firmly believe and sincerely confess, that there is one holy Catholic and that outside this Church there is no salvation or forgiveness of sins….There is one body and one head of this one and only Church-not two heads, like a monster-and that is Christ, and Christ’s vicar is Peer and the successor of Peter…Both the spiritual and the civil sword are in the power of the Church. The civil sword is to be used for the Church, the spiritual sword by the Church: the spiritual sword is to be used by the priest, the civil sword by kings and captains, but only at the will of the priest and by priestly permission….We declare, state, define and pronounce that it is absolutely necessary to salvation for every human being to be subject to the Roman pope.” Nationalism

4. Clement V (1305-14) Babylonian Captivity Avignosese Captivity

5. Attacks on the Papacy Marsilius of Padua Defensor Pacis - 1324 Authority lay with “the people” Catholic church Apostolic church Included all: Western Church, Eastern Church, all believers The church at Rome; embodiment of the Catholic church but not infallible

6. The Great Schism (1378-1417) Gregory XI (1370-78) Urban VI (1378-89) Clement VII (1378-94) ROME AVIGNON Two Rival Popes: Both elected by the College of Cardinals! Conciliar Movement 1409 Council of Pisa Alexander V (1409-10) Three Rival Popes!

7. How can I be saved? Priest: the Church has the answer “facere quod in ce est” do what lies in youSacramental System ex opere operato “through the work worked Seven Sacraments: listed in 12 th century, sanctioned by Council of Trent in 16 th century

9. Mass Substance: essence Accidents: aspects that appeal to the senses transubstantiation con cobatens Penance 1. Confession Contrition – love of God Attrition – motivated by fear of God

10. 2. Absolution 3. Penance Absolution to get rid of guilt Penance to get rid of penalty

12. 2. Absolution 3. Penance Absolution to get rid of guilt Penance to get rid of penalty PUGATORY Purchase indulgences How do you get out of purgatory?