1. KHATIMA ALI
grapes

2. Introduction
Family name : Vitaceae family Scientific name : . Vitis vinifera

3. Definition…
Grape (grape) derived from an Old French word "grape," meaning "bunch" or "cluster"

4. General information Woody vine Perennials
Grapes are about 80 percent water
Grapes also add fiber to the diet
Top grape producing countries by years is china >united states >italy>france>spain>turkey

5. Varieties of Grapes Grapes come in three basic colors: green
Red and blue (black)
Each variety has its own color, taste, texture 

6. Varieties of Grapes
Perlette The first grape of the season, the Perlette is light in color the berries are almost round. Perlette means "little pearl" in French.

7. Varieties of Grapes
Sugraone offers a light, sweet flavor and crunch.

8. Varieties of Grapes
Thompson Seedless this grape's light green color and sweet

9. Varieties of Grapes
Calmeria This grape carries the nickname "lady fingers," so called for its elongated

10. Varieties of Grapes
Ruby Seedless

11. Grape Plant

12. Site Selection and Preparation
Grapes require full sunlight.
Adequate drainage and moisture
The best soils are loams or sandy loams with added organic matter.
Grapes grow best in soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5.
Rows should usually run north to south. This allows the plants gather the most sunlight and less wind damage will occur.

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plowing to 25 cm and providing organic matter in soil ,by turning under a cover crop or green manure. Grapes are set in either fall or spring. If in spring, plant early to give plants long growing season. Fall planting is unwise in northern regions

14. Planting till the soil well to get rid of weeds and grasses..
Grapes need the summer heat to develop and will
produce the best grapes
Tempreture:
Plant damage occurs at - 18°C; frost kills young shoots. Daily mean temperature should be at least 18°

15. Flowering and pollination
. The flowers are unisexual all species of Vitis are normally dioecious but under domestication, variants with perfect flowers appear to have been selected . . The flowers are hermaphroditic and most are self-pollinated but cross-pollination also accur

16. Flowering and pollination

17. Pruning
If the vine is left unpruned, the number of grape clusters would be excessive. The vine would be unable to ripen the large crop or give adequate vegetative growth. The purpose of pruning is to grow yields of high quality grapes
and to allow better growth for the following
season. has a direct relationship to larger yields and more uniform production.

18. Training

19. Harvesting and Picking
After 3 or 4 years each vine will produce pounds of grapes
Wait until they separate easy from the seeds to pick.
Guides to proper stage of ripeness are: taste , color, aroma, changing of stem from green to brown

21. Rootworm Damage to Grape Roots
main diseases

22. Nutritional value per 100gm
Energy
288 kJ (69 kcal)
Carbohydrates
18.1 g
Sugars
15.48 g
Dietary fiber
0.9 g
Fat
0.16 g

23. Main uses
Can eaten fresh dried Making juice or for industrial uses like jam wine jelly and other uses

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25. THE END 