1. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL Wine Grape Application of the Phytomonitoring techniques for irrigation control of vineyards Phytech Ltd.

2. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL Phytomonitoring is the operational information channel based on direct measurement of plant water state and growth

3. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL 1 x RS-ATH-5R Air Temperature Air Temperature and Humidity Sensor and Humidity Sensor 1 x RS-ATH-5R Air Temperature Air Temperature and Humidity Sensor and Humidity Sensor 1 x RSD-SMS-2R SMS Stationary Data Concentrator Stationary Recommended setup for Wine Grapes PhytoGraph™ Software Portable Data Shuttle Portable 1 x RS-TIR-4R Solar Radiation Sensor Solar Radiation Sensor (optional for Penman calc.) 1 x RS-TIR-4R Solar Radiation Sensor Solar Radiation Sensor (optional for Penman calc.) RS-WSM-1R Wind Speed Meter (optional for Penman calc.) RS-WSM-1R Wind Speed Meter (optional for Penman calc.) 3 x RS-SD-6 Trunk Diameter Sensor (0 to 5 mm stroke) 3 x RS-SD-6 Trunk Diameter Sensor (0 to 5 mm stroke)

4. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL Why Phytomonitoring?  Plant water status is a main factor of berry quality!!! Illustration by Jordan Koutroumanidis, Winetitles.

5. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL Why Phytomonitoring?  Plant water status is a main factor of berry quality!!!  Physiological indicator integrates soil moisture availability, evaporative demand, leaf area as well as vine drought tolerance C. van Leeuwen, X. Chone, O. Tregoat and J.P. Gaudillere. 2001. The use of the physiological indicators to assess vine water uptake and to manage vineyard irrigation. The Australian Grapegrower and Winemaker Journal. 449: 18 – 24.

6. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL Why Phytomonitoring?  Plant water status is a main factor of berry quality!!!  Physiological indicator integrates soil moisture availability, evaporative demand, leaf area as well as vine drought tolerance  Application of the regulated deficit irrigation requires a fine-tuned irrigation policy D.I. Jackson and P.Lombard. 1993. Environmental and management practices affecting grape composition and wine quality: A review. American Journal of Enology and viticulture. 44: 409 - 430.

7. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL Why Phytomonitoring?  Plant water status is a main factor of berry quality!!!  Physiological indicator integrates soil moisture availability, evaporative demand, leaf area as well as vine drought tolerance  Application of the regulated deficit irrigation requires a fine-tuned irrigation policy  Maintenance of desired plant water status is imposable without operative control, which needs continuous monitoring of plant water status Y. Ton and M. Kopyt. 2004. Phytomonitoring in Realization of Irrigation Strategies for Wine Grapes. Acta Horticulturae. 652: 167 - 173.

8. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL   Adjustment and/or validation of the irrigation scheduling 1. 1.When to begin irrigation season? 2. 2.How to evaluate effectiveness of irrigation volume? 3. 3.How to adjust irrigation schedule? 4. 4.What time is better for watering? 5. 5.How to use irrigation in case of air drought?   Post-veraison monitoring of stem water potential Two practical Phytomonitoring techniques for adjusting irrigation regime of Wine Grapes

9. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL Adjustment and/or validation of the irrigation regime Development of plant water deficit as a result of soil water depletion: 70 63 50 43 1. Maximum Daily Shrinkage increase 06820 2. Depression of Daily Maximum increase

10. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL Adjustment and/or validation of the irrigation regime 70 63 50 43 0682052060 43 42 37 53 49 Development of plant water deficit as a result of soil water depletion: 1. Maximum Daily Shrinkage increase 2. Depression of Daily Maximum increase More intensive irrigation regime is applied to prevent plant water stress

11. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL Post-veraison monitoring of stem water potential What is need? 1.Trunk diameter monitoring data 2.Calibration procedure in use of pressure chamber

12. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL What is need? 1.Trunk diameter monitoring data 2.Calibration procedure in use of pressure chamber 3.Calculation of water potential Post-veraison monitoring of stem water potential 4.Midday SWP data 5.Predawn SWP data

13. PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL   The recommended Decision Support Unit (DSU) for wine grapes includes: 3 x Trunk diameter sensors 1 x Soil moisture sensor 1 Air temperature and Humidity sensor Optional Solar radiation sensor and Wind speed sensor for those who deal with Penman model for evapotranspiration.   This DSU allows: Adjust/validate irrigation regime in trial-and-error mode. Monitoring of water potential (in combination with pressure chamber technique). SUMMARYSUMMARY