1. The Impact of ROW Management on Apiary Populations Gary S. Reuter, University of Minnesotawww.beelab.umn.edu

2. Your breakfast without bees Scientific American April 2009 Value of crops in US that depend on pollination: >$18.9 billion $217 billion worldwide

3. Alfalfa Hay – Bee Pollination – Dairy and Beef

4. Your grocery store without bees

5. Healthy Bees Healthy Food Healthy Lives

6. Honey Bees

7. Decline in U.S. honey bee colonies 1945- 2007 Since 2007, 30-40% of all honey bee colonies die annually Beekeepers struggle to replace losses

9. Wild Bee Pollinators Also in Decline Bumblebee Sweat bee Miner bee Leafcutter bee Orchard Mason bee

10. Photo: Matthew Shepherd Ground-nesting (~70%) Wild Bee Nests Tunnel-nesting (~30%)

11. Wild Bees: Larva feeds on pollen ball provisioned by mother bee

13. 750,000 acres of almonds in Central CA requires 1.5 million colonies of honey bees for pollination No Bees, No Nuts

14. 72,000 acres of blueberries across U.S. requires 150,000 colonies of honey bees for pollination No Bees, No Berries

15. Colonies trucked in and out because after bloom there are no flowers and many pesticide applications

16. Protect Bees Food If there are flowers blooming, there will be bees foraging

17. What bees eat Pollen - protein Nectar – carbs Water Pollination Happens

18. “Bee” Flowers Major Honey Plants Clover Alfalfa Basswood Buckwheat Wildflowers/ weeds Mustards Vetch Dandelion Goldenrod Sumac Trees - pollen Maple Willow Oak Gardens/ fruit trees Vine crops Berries Can ola Apple

19. Bees collect corn pollen but only when hungry (low protein content) Bees may collect nectar from soybeans in MN only when hot and humid

20. Bees forage 2.5 miles from colony, on average

21. What can the public do? Plant flowers! www.xerces.org/polli nator-conservation/ Pay attention to neonicotinoid systemic insecticide use, especially in urban landscapes! Plant bee gardens Encourage roadside plantings of flowers CRP land: put legumes in mix

22. What can the public do? Plant flowers! www.xerces.org/polli nator-conservation/ Pay attention to neonicotinoid systemic insecticide use, especially in urban landscapes! Plant bee gardens Encourage roadside plantings of flowers CRP land: put legumes in mix

23. Ice fishing in Minnesota

26. Collecting Pollen and Nectar

30. Foraging trip of a weakened bee in our modern landscape:

43. What can you do to help? Turn off the sprayer.

44. What can you do to help? Turn off the sprayer. Learn what the noxious weed look like.

45. Questions? The end References Gary S. Reuter reute001@umn.edu University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave. Rm 219, St. Paul, MN 55108 www.tc.umn.edu/~reute001 Equipment plans Cool Pictures Beekeeping information BeeLab.umn.edu Help build bee lab Bee Squad information “Healthy Bees” on-line course!  open for registration, $25 for 4 year access Bumble bee rearing manual, for sale! Book on “Alternative Pollinators” to be published Protecting Pollinators poster Beekeeping Manual & video Honey bee Queen Rearing Manual & video Beekeeping Posters Mead Making Poster

46. 1/3 of the food you eat is dependent on pollination by honeybees.

47. allspice Macadamia Crops Pollinated by Honey Bees

48. Burdock Thistle Sunflower Canola Clover Dandelion Berries Milkweed Butterfly weed Sumac Berries Basswood Vetch Vine crops “Bee” Flowers

50. Bumblebee Rearing Maunual available on web site

51. BEE RESEARCH FACILITY PERSPECTIVE – Two Level Option www.BeeLab.UMN.EDU

52. References Gary S. Reuter reute001@umn.edu University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave. Rm 219, St. Paul, MN 55108 www.tc.umn.edu/~reute001 Equipment plans Cool Pictures Beekeeping information Its Back! BeeLab.umn.edu Help build bee lab “Healthy Bees” on-line course!  open for registration, $25 for 4 year access Bumble bee rearing manual, for sale! Book on “Alternative Pollinators” to be published Protecting Pollinators poster Beekeeping Manual & video Honey bee Queen Rearing Manual & video Beekeeping Posters Mead Making Poster