1. Ginkgo

3. Echinacea

4. Ginseng ginsenosides

5. Ginseng Longevity - The Chinese have long attributed this to ginseng *Memory improvement *Stress reduction *Normalization of blood pressure. *Immune system enhancement *Normalization of blood sugar. *Libido enhancement. *Lowering of cholesterol *Prevention of blood clots *Energy * Stamina

6. Horticultural Classification Miscellaneous horticultural cropsMiscellaneous horticultural crops –Condiments = spices and products that enhance flavor of foods –"spices" traditionally referred to the tropical aromatics only – "herbs" (pronounced “urbs”, not “herbs”) refer specifically to the leaves and seeds of certain temperate-zone plants. – The term, "spice" has come also to mean the whole family of dried plant seasonings, including spices, herbs, blends and dehydrated vegetables.

7. Horticultural Classification Miscellaneous horticultural cropsMiscellaneous horticultural crops –Condiments & spices websites http://www.botanical.com/http://www.botanical.com/ http://www.astaspice.org/http://www.astaspice.org/ http://www.americanspice.com/http://www.americanspice.com/ http://www.bulkfoods.com/spices.asphttp://www.bulkfoods.com/spices.asp http://www.herbphoto.com/index.htmlhttp://www.herbphoto.com/index.html

8. Horticultural Classification Miscellaneous horticultural cropsMiscellaneous horticultural crops –Condiments Allspice = dried berries of Pimenta officianalis, an evergreen tree from Central and South AmericaAllspice = dried berries of Pimenta officianalis, an evergreen tree from Central and South America Cinnamon = bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum or C. lourerii from tropical AsiaCinnamon = bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum or C. lourerii from tropical Asia Clove = dried buds of Eugenia aromatica, an evergreen tree in E. India and Moluccas or Spice Islands of IndonesiaClove = dried buds of Eugenia aromatica, an evergreen tree in E. India and Moluccas or Spice Islands of Indonesia Ginger - rhizome of Zingiber officinalisGinger - rhizome of Zingiber officinalis Mustard = seed from Brassica nigra from EurasiaMustard = seed from Brassica nigra from Eurasia

9. Allspice

10. Cinnamon

11. Clove Used in China for more than 2000 years. Cloves are believed to be an aphrodisiac. Clove oil is a time-honored remedy for toothache and is highly antiseptic Used in China for more than 2000 years. Cloves are believed to be an aphrodisiac. Clove oil is a time-honored remedy for toothache and is highly antiseptic Native to Moluccas or Spice Islands of Indonesia Native to Moluccas or Spice Islands of Indonesia

12. Moluccas or Spice Islands of Indonesia

14. Ginger Said to be a native of Asia Said to be a native of Asia Cultivated in West Indies, Jamaica, Africa Cultivated in West Indies, Jamaica, Africa

15. West Indies, Jamaica

16. Ginger FreshFresh DriedDried PickledPickled MincedMinced

17. Ginger

18. Mustard

19. Mustard

20. Mustard Mustard is the oldest condiment known! Mustard is the oldest condiment known! In cultivation as early as 5000-4000 BC, mustard In cultivation as early as 5000-4000 BC, mustard seeds have been found in Egypt's great pyramids seeds have been found in Egypt's great pyramids First record that mustard was being manufactured First record that mustard was being manufactured in the Dijon region of France was in 1336 in the Dijon region of France was in 1336 Not until 1904, when Francis French developed a Not until 1904, when Francis French developed a recipe based exclusively on white mustard seeds recipe based exclusively on white mustard seeds Today, French's mustard is bright yellow from Today, French's mustard is bright yellow from turmeric and tart from vinegar & accounts for 40% turmeric and tart from vinegar & accounts for 40% of all mustard consumed in this country of all mustard consumed in this country

21. Mustard http://www.mustardweb.com/

22. Horticultural Classification Miscellaneous horticultural cropsMiscellaneous horticultural crops –Condiments Nutmeg = dried seed of Myristica fragrans, an evergreen tree in E. IndiaNutmeg = dried seed of Myristica fragrans, an evergreen tree in E. India Pepper = dried seeds from Piper nigrum, a woody vine in E. IndiaPepper = dried seeds from Piper nigrum, a woody vine in E. India Vanilla = alcohol extract of the dried seed pod of an orchid vine (Vanilla planifolia)Vanilla = alcohol extract of the dried seed pod of an orchid vine (Vanilla planifolia)

23. Nutmeg A tropical, dioecious evergreen tree native to the Moluccas or Spice Islands of Indonesia A tropical, dioecious evergreen tree native to the Moluccas or Spice Islands of Indonesia Around 1600 it became important as an expensive commercial spice of the Western world (Dutch introduced) Around 1600 it became important as an expensive commercial spice of the Western world (Dutch introduced)

24. Nutmeg

25. Nutmeg

26. Nutmeg

27. Pepper The best pepper of commerce comes from the The best pepper of commerce comes from the Malabar Coast of India Malabar Coast of India Pepper is mentioned by Roman writers in the Pepper is mentioned by Roman writers in the fifth century fifth century It is said that Attila demanded among other items It is said that Attila demanded among other items 3,000 lb. of pepper in ransom for the city of Rome 3,000 lb. of pepper in ransom for the city of Rome

28. Malabar Coast

29. Pepper

30. Pepper

31. Vanilla Totonaco Indians of Mexico first used vanillaTotonaco Indians of Mexico first used vanilla They were defeated by the Aztecs & had to turn over their vanilla plants (called Tlilxochitl vine)They were defeated by the Aztecs & had to turn over their vanilla plants (called Tlilxochitl vine) Then the Aztecs were defeated by the Spaniard, Hernando Cortez in 1519, who took vanilla to SpainThen the Aztecs were defeated by the Spaniard, Hernando Cortez in 1519, who took vanilla to Spain There it was combined with cacao as a drink of nobility or the very richThere it was combined with cacao as a drink of nobility or the very rich In 1602, Hugh Morgan, apothecary to Queen Elizabeth I, suggested that vanilla could be used as a flavoring all by itself. Dutch East India company also founded this year.In 1602, Hugh Morgan, apothecary to Queen Elizabeth I, suggested that vanilla could be used as a flavoring all by itself. Dutch East India company also founded this year. Thomas Jefferson is credited with vanilla’s arrival in the United States. He brought it with him when he returned from his ambassadorship to France in 1789.Thomas Jefferson is credited with vanilla’s arrival in the United States. He brought it with him when he returned from his ambassadorship to France in 1789.

32. Uses of vanilla Vanilla is added to chocolate, ice cream & yogurtVanilla is added to chocolate, ice cream & yogurt Vanilla is known to settle your stomach (it is found in Coca Cola as a “natural favoring”)Vanilla is known to settle your stomach (it is found in Coca Cola as a “natural favoring”) It is used in aroma therapy and has a calming effect (Sloane-Kettering Hospital and other medical facilities use the vanilla aroma to calm patients undergoing MRI and CAT scans)It is used in aroma therapy and has a calming effect (Sloane-Kettering Hospital and other medical facilities use the vanilla aroma to calm patients undergoing MRI and CAT scans) It is used in perfume and is considered an aphrodisiacIt is used in perfume and is considered an aphrodisiac

33. Where vanilla is now grown Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa Indonesia Indonesia Mexico Mexico Tahiti Tahiti Many vanillaMany vanilla plantations in Madagascar were destroyed by a typhoon in 2001 & the tsunami in 2005 www.vanilla.com 90%

34. Vanilla

37. 1,400 tons of dried vanilla produced annually 97% of vanilla used as a flavor used as a flavor and fragrance is synthetic

38. Vanilla

39. Vanilla There are 250+ organic components creating its unique flavor and aromaThere are 250+ organic components creating its unique flavor and aroma Vanillin is the synthetic version of vanilla developed in Germany in the 1880’sVanillin is the synthetic version of vanilla developed in Germany in the 1880’s Although labeled as “natural” most vanilla sold in Mexico at “tourist centers” is synthetic. There is no regulatory control on these productsAlthough labeled as “natural” most vanilla sold in Mexico at “tourist centers” is synthetic. There is no regulatory control on these products The US FDA requires a minimum of 13.35 ounces of vanilla beans to a gallon of a minimum of 35% alcohol to 65% water mixtureThe US FDA requires a minimum of 13.35 ounces of vanilla beans to a gallon of a minimum of 35% alcohol to 65% water mixture Take home message… if it is cheap… it is probably fake…Take home message… if it is cheap… it is probably fake…

40. Horticultural Classification Miscellaneous horticultural cropsMiscellaneous horticultural crops Basil (Ocimum basilicum)Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Dill (Anethum graveolens)Dill (Anethum graveolens) Mint (Mentha spp.)Mint (Mentha spp.) Oregano (Origanum vulgare)Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) Rosemary (Rosemarinus officianalis)Rosemary (Rosemarinus officianalis) Sage (Salvia spp.)Sage (Salvia spp.) Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)

41. Basil Genova or Genovese Basil African Blue Basil Cinnamon Basil Cuban Basil Holy or Sacred Basil Holy Red and Green Basil Lemon Basil Lime Basil Miniature Basil New Guinea Basil Napoletano Basil Osmin Purple Basil Purple Ruffles Basil Red Rubin Basil Thai Basil

42. Dill

43. Mint Mentha spicata (spearmint) or Mentha piperita (peppermint)

44. Oregano

45. Parsley

46. Rosemary

47. Rosemary

48. Sage

49. Thyme