2. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.1 FAO REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON NOTIFIABLE AVIAN INFLUNZA IN SOUTHERN AFRICA PRETORIA (SOUTH AFRICA) 07- 09 MARCH 2006 HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION AND AU/IBAR STRATEGY FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL

3. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.2 CONTENT n 1. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN AFRICA n 2. AU/IBAR STRATEGY u 2.1. Before outbreaks u 2.1. Suggestion to address the current situation n 3. CONCLUSION

4. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.3 1. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION - Outbreaks confirmed: - NIGERIA, 126 Farms, + 445,000 chickens destroyed - NIGER: 1 Region 20,000 - EGYPT: 7 Governates - Rumors and Suspicions: - North of Mali - Senegal - Mauritania - Chad - Cameroon - Ethiopia - Kenya

5. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.4 2. AU/IBAR STRATEGY 2.1. BEFORE OUTBREAKS - PREVENTION - CONTROL AND/OR ERADICATION

6. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.5 PREVENTION NATIONAL LEVEL F Awareness (sensitisation of stakeholders, training of professional staff): F Emergency preparedness plans (EPP): F Epidemiological surveillance (passive and active) REGIONAL LEVEL F Set up task force F Emergency funds and vaccines F Regional laboratories F Harmonisation and coordination actions F International Cooperation

7. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.6 NATIONAL LEVEL n * RE-INFORCEMENT AND STRENGHTENING OF ESTABLISHED EPIDEMIO-SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM AND EXTENSION TO HPAI n * ESTABLISHMENT AND/OR REVITALIZATION OF EPIDEMIO-SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM IN NONE PACE COUNTRIES n * HIGH RISK COUNTRIES FOR INTRODUCTION OF HPAI: EGYPT, ETHIOPIA, KENYA, TANZANIA, CENTRAL AND WESTERN AFRICA

8. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.7 NATIONAL LEVEL n CONTROL OF MOVEMENT OF BIRDS AND PRODUCTS u Border controls u Ban on importation from infected countries and zone

9. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.8 REGIONAL LEVEL n Task Force o n Emergency Funds : o Compensation o Vaccine stock n Reinforcement of established ESS and their extension to none PACE countries n Harmonization and Coordination of actions o Regional harmonisation meetings o International Cooperation:

10. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.9 CONTROL AND/OR ERADICATION 3 options: Option 1: Stamping out - Destruction of infected and at-risk (depending on likelihood that birds are infected) poultry. - As quickly as possible (within 24 h) - Samples taken - Vaccination of workers applying culling. - Humane destruction - Accurate records

11. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.10 NATIONAL LEVEL Option 2: Modified stamping out using vaccination - - Destruction of infected poultry - USE OF VACCINATION: Reduces susceptibility to infection and decreases shedding therefore reduces the incidence of new cases and viral load in the environment. Tool to maximize bio-security. - Vaccination in response to an outbreak: ring vaccination or vaccination of designated high-risk poultry.

12. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.11 NATIONAL LEVEL Option 3: Blanket vaccination -Pre-emptive “baseline” vaccination of all part of a population of poultry may be used if the risk of infection is high and/or the consequences of infection are very serious. In addition to all 3 options:

13. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.12 NATIONAL LEVEL n EFFECTIVE SURVEILLANCE n BIOSECURITY: Bio-containment and bio-exclusion n CONTROL OF MOVEMENT OF BIRDS AND PRODUCTS - Movement of items from infected zones - Border controls n DISPOSAL OF CARCASSES AND POTENTIALLY INFECTIVE MATERIAL IN A BIOSECURE MANNER

14. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.13 REGIONAL LEVEL - Avail Emergency funds - International Cooperation - Harmonization and Coordination: sharing disease information

15. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.14 CRITERIA FOR CHOICE CHOICE OF OPTION: COUNTRY DECISION BASED ON: - Epidemiological situation: national and regional - Available resources: human, financial etc - AO relevant information

16. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.15 2. AU/IBAR STRATEGY (contd) 2.2. Suggested strategy to address the current situation Preliminary Lessons learnt from the current situation - delay in laboratory confirmation - Difficulties in sending samples to reference laboratories - Difficulties to determine the source of infection - Absence of means to implement the modified stamping without vaccination strategy

17. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.16 2. AU/IBAR STRATEGY (contd) Suggestions to countries in West Africa - Stamping out: country with 50 million 1% of chicken population and 3 $/head: 1,500,000 $ 5% of chicken population and 3 $/head: 7,500,000 $ 10%: 15,000,000 $ n + cost of other measures n - Modified stamping out: Half to be destroyed and half to be vaccinated 750 000 $ 3,750,000 $ 7,500,000 $ +/- cost of vaccination and + cost of other measures

18. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.17 2. AU/IBAR STRATEGY (contd) -Vaccination (1 year) In modified stamping out: half to be vaccinated 0.5 % 250 000 heads X 0.1 $/head X 2 X 2: 100,000 $ 2.5 %: 500,000 $ 5 %: 1,000,000 $ + personnel, vaccine storage and transport etc Blanket vaccination: 80 %: 16,000,000 $ + personnel, vaccine storage and transport etc

19. Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.18 3. CONCLUSION n Best choice: seems to be modified stamping out. n Consider all the conditions for its efficient implementation n Vaccinations: Very Costly but could be used in some circumstances. n Suggestion for commercial farms: Kill all chickens, store and sell and then apply sanitary vacuum before re-stocking.