1. Chapter 1 Section 3 Review
The Meaning of Culture

2. 9/16
Do Now: What is culture?
Aim: What are the elements of culture?
Objectives: You will be able to…
Describe the elements of culture
Identify the different types of economies and governments
Agenda: Chapter 1 Section 3 Review
Personal Culture Wheel
Begin 1.4 Notes?
Homework: Read and take notes on Chapter 1 Section 4, Chapter 1 Test Monday

3. The Elements of Culture
Social organization
Customs and traditions
Language
Beliefs
Government
Economic system
Arts and literature
All the things that make up a person’s entire way of life, it’s learned

4. Social Organization
Societies organize people into smaller groups to help them work together to meet basic needs
Families
Nuclear family
Extended family
Family clans
Social classes
What can social classes be based on? Possibility of social mobility?

5. Customs and Traditions
Cultures develop rules of behavior to guide social interaction
Examples in our culture?
How are these rules or behavior enforced?
Social pressure used to enforce minor rules of behavior
Issues of right & wrong enforced more strictly and often by government

6. Language Language is the “cornerstone of culture”
Why?
People with the same language usually share other similar cultural traits
All cultures have a language, although not all have written forms
People with the same language usually share other similar cultural traits

7. Beliefs Truths and understandings about life
Affect values and ethical behavior
Can be based on a religion or philosophy
Monotheistic religions
Polytheistic religions
Religion
Answers, or can help answer, basic questions such as…?
Supports the values that a group of people think important
Types: Monotheistic & polytheistic
Religious differences, when combined with other factors, can be explosive

8. Government Formed to provide for people’s common needs
Affected by a group’s social organization, customs, and beliefs
Types of government:
Dictatorship
Monarchy
Direct democracy
Representative democracy/republic
Dictatorship- one person holds power and makes all decisions, usually through force
Oligopoly- a small group of people hold power and make decisions
Direct Democracy- all citizens hold power and are involved in making decisions
Representative Democracy/Republic- citizens choose leaders to represent them

9. Economic Systems
Ways to use scarce resources to meet people’s needs and wants
Types of economic systems:
Traditional/Barter economy
Market economy
Command economy
“Mixed” economy
Traditional- All people work together to produce what they need to survive, activities determined by tradition
Market Economy- Individuals decide what and how much to produce based on how much they think people will buy them for, private property
Command Economy- Government owns resources and means of production and makes economic decisions
Mixed- Government regulates the economy but does not control it

10. Arts and Literature
Products of the human imagination like art, music, and literature express the other elements of culture and influence culture
Examples?

11. Organizing the Elements of Culture
Can organize the elements of culture into four main groups to make them easier to understand and compare
Social- how people interact with each other (social organization, customs and traditions, the arts)
Political- deals with govt.
Economic- how people get what they need, deals with economic activities (people’s jobs) and systems
Beliefs- things accepted to be true, ideas about right and wrong, correct behavior, values, religion

12. Culture Wheel SOCIAL BELIEFS ECONOMIC POLITICAL
Family, class, customs, traditions, education, language, arts
BELIEFS
ECONOMIC
Economic and monetary systems, possessions, trade,
jobs
Religion, philosophy, superstition,
myths,
ethics
form of govt., military, pol. parties, govt. offices and policies
POLITICAL

13. My Personal Culture Wheel
SOCIAL
BELIEFS
ECONOMIC
POLITICAL

14. Ending Questions What type of government do you think is best? Why?
What type of economy do you think is best? Why?

15. Deserted Island Simulation
Imagine that you and your group have survived a global catastrophe by sailing out to sea. You then are shipwrecked on a distant, uncharted, and deserted island. Based on the island’s geography, you believe it is in the tropics (between the equator and 30° latitude). The island’s weather is hot and humid with a steady 15 mph wind and ample supply of rainfall. Inland from a sandy beach there is a forest with a variety of vegetation, including banana trees. There also appears to be many types of birds and small game in the forest. The forest thins at the northern side of the island and there the coast is rocky and full of marine life. You will live on this island and form a new society there. This society should meet your needs, as you define them, and it should avoid the mistakes of "the old ones", those who died in the recent tragedy.
Use the questions provided to guide your discussion of how you will set up this new society. Record your answers and be ready to appoint 2-3 members of your society to explain it to the class.

16. Western Values
Some Other Values
Personal Control/We Control Our Fate: we control nature; we determine our fate through our actions
Fate/God Controls Fate: “it’s out of our hands”; higher power in control; everything for the best
Change/Progress: change / progress is good / inevitable
Tradition: change is disruptive / bad; old ways are best ways
Use of Time/Efficiency: spend time wisely; don’t waste time
Human Interaction: more important than “saving time”
Individualism: individual is unique; privacy is valued; individual rights
Public Welfare: group needs over those of individual
Competition: high achievement is valued; brings out the best in people / organizations
Cooperation: ensures group continuation and survival
Focus on Future: focus on possibilities, potential; future achievement
Focus on Past: appreciate / respect the past
Informality: first names, casual
Formality: titles, rituals, ceremony lead to established social order and organization

17. 9/15
Do Now: How are forms of government and economic systems related to culture?
Aim: What kinds of governments and economies have societies developed?
Objectives: You will be able to…
Explain why governments and economic systems develop
Describe the main forms of government
Describe the main types of economic systems
Agenda: Deserted Island Simulation
Homework: Chapter 1 Section 4 notes (p ), Ch.1 Test next Thursday

18. Forms of Government Established to provide for a people’s common needs
Dictatorship- one person holds power and makes all decisions, usually through force
Monarchy- rule by one person who inherits the position (king, queen)
Direct Democracy- all citizens hold power and are involved in making decisions
Representative Democracy/Republic- citizens choose leaders to represent them

19. Economic Systems
Ways societies decided how to use limited resources to meet their wants and needs
Traditional- All people work together to produce what they need to survive, activities determined by tradition
Market Economy- Individuals decide what and how much to produce based on how much they think people will buy them for, private property
Command Economy- Government owns resources and means of production and makes economic decisions
Mixed- Government regulates the economy but does not control it