1. Radical Revolution and Reaction 11-2

2. Move to Radicalism  Unrest  Food shortages  Military setbacks  Rumors of royalist conspiracies  Aug 1792—monarchy over  Minster of justice, George Danton, rallied sans-culottes attacked palace  King and family had to seek refuge with the Legislative Assembly

3. Radicalism  Panic and fear  Imprisoned nobles and traitors suspected to be conspiring to defeat the revolution  Violence in Sept left thousands dead

4. The First Republic  New elected National Convention members (Sept 1792)  Draft new constitution  They are the ruling body of France  Comprised of lawyers, professionals, and property owners  2/3 are under 45  Abolished monarchy and established a republic  French Republic

5. The Fate of the King  Political Clubs  Girondins  Outside Paris  Feared radical mobs  Wanted to keep king alive  Jacobins  The Mountain (radical faction)  Wanted to execute king (might rally opponents)  Inside Paris

6. The Fate of the King  Factions tried to influence independents  1793  Convention convinced to behead king  Jan 21, 1793  Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette beheaded by guillotine  Creates new enemies home and abroad  This is a continuation of the trend towards radicalism

7. Crises and Responses  Girondins and The Mountain (Jacobins) have many disputes which prevents a new constitutions from being writen  Paris Commune wanted Nation Convention to be more radical  Price controls on food  Universal male suffrage

8. Crises and Responses (con’t)  Peasants in west France and inhabitants of major provincial cities refused to accept authroity of the Convention  Uprisings  Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and Dutch Republic took up arms vs. France  Looked bad for rebels

9. Crises and Responses (con’t)  Domestic uprising and external threats led the National Convention to give the Committee of Public Safety broad powers  Georges Danton  Then, Maximilien Robespierre (a Jacobin)