1. Chairs: Flemming Cassee Teresa Fernandes 110 members

2. New: Reprotoxicology focus group eco-immunosafety

3.  International Congress of Immunology (Milano, Italy, August 22- 27, 2013): the workshop "Immunopharmacology" led by me and Giselle Penton-Rol has included three oral presentation on immunosafety. ◦ Boraschi, D., and G. Penton-Rol. 2013. Perspectives in immunopharmacology: the future of immunosuppression. Immunol. Lett., pii: S0165-2478(13)00201-0; doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.11.017  Boraschi, D. & A. Duschl (authors/editors). 2014. Nanoparticles and the immune system: safety and effects. Elsevier – Academic Press, Oxford, UK.  In the activities of NANoREG, the protocols for testing immunosafety are being defined and included among the important issues both in in vivo and in vitro safety testing (WP4 and WP5).

4.  Very active network of major genotoxicity groups that includes many labs, EC countries  Meeting in the OECD nanotoxicology workshop Genotoxicity in Ottawa, November 2013 (Hannu Norppa and Shareen Doak had presentations).  New cell transformation assay for genotoxic as well as nongenotoxic nanomaterials  The focus of the group is towards High throughput methods for nanotoxicology (nanogenotoxicology). New COST action proposal both in in vivo and in vitro safety testing (WP4 and WP5).

5.  Very active network  2° MANET (Marine Ecotoxicology) International workshop be probably mid November  Contributions to the newsletter of the NSC

6.  March workshop in Amsterdam on maternal exposure to inhaled nanosize particles  Preparing report => NanoReg and NSC  Review  Aiming new workshop SOT2015

8.  Soil pH is a major factor governing metal-based ENM fate and effects in soils, and the effect of pH seems to overrule that of other factors like organic matter content.  In addition to pH, ionic strength and/or salinity are a major factor affecting ENM fate and effects to aquatic organisms.  The presence of a coating may increase toxicity of metal-based ENMs but may reduce their dissolution rate.  Long-term equilibration of metal-based ENMs in soils may lead to a slow dissolution of metal ions over time, which may still continue after 1 year; this process is concentration and pH dependent.  Long-term equilibration may decrease toxicity of ZnO ENMs, but may lead to increased toxicity of Ag ENMs.  Metal ENMs and ions have different uptake routes and toxicokinetics leading to different internal levels of metals as well as different toxicodynamics.

10.  Collect information & data via our WIKI  Collect & share protocols via the NSC website  Contribute to EU NanoSafety Cluster – Self evaluation  Contribute to Nanosafety forum for young scientists Syracuse, Italy ; Oct 8-9, 2014

11.  Specify project(s) and achievement(s) ◦ See presentation Iseult Lynch Cluster review  Key recommendation and lesson learnt ◦ in vitro toxicological data ◦ in vivo toxicological data ◦ mechanism of action ◦ toxicological testing protocols ◦ data on biodistribution

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