1. C. A. Peery, M. L. Keefer, and S. R. Lee Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit U.S. Geological Survey and Northwest Fisheries Science Center NOAA Fisheries C. A. Peery, M. L. Keefer, and S. R. Lee Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit U.S. Geological Survey and Northwest Fisheries Science Center NOAA Fisheries Funding: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers U. S. Geological Survey Funding: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers U. S. Geological Survey Use of known-source adult chinook salmon and steelhead to evaluate homing and survival of adult migrants in the Columbia River: 2000-2002 and steelhead to evaluate homing and survival of adult migrants in the Columbia River: 2000-2002

2. Study goal: Use radio telemetry to monitor and evaluate passage of adult salmon and steelhead in Columbia and Snake rivers

3. Methods 2. Release tagged fish downstream and upstream of Bonneville Dam. and upstream of Bonneville Dam. 1. Collect and tag fish at Bonneville Dam.

4. Snake River Columbia River Rock Island Rocky Reach Wells Chief Joseph Grand Coulee Canada U.S.A. McIntyre Dam Lake Osoyoos Zosel Dam The Dalles John Day McNary Lower Granite Priest Rapids Portland Wanapum Yakima R. Lower Monumental Little Goose Bonneville Ice Harbor Study Area

7. Use of PIT tags 1999: Trial use of archival Data Storage Transmitters (DSTS). fish tagged at Ice Harbor Dam and retrieved at Lower Granite Dam using Sort-by-Code 1999: Trial use of archival Data Storage Transmitters (DSTS). fish tagged at Ice Harbor Dam and retrieved at Lower Granite Dam using Sort-by-Code 2000: Selecting for known-source fish at Bonneville Dam for evaluations of homing ability. 2000: Selecting for known-source fish at Bonneville Dam for evaluations of homing ability. 2002: Double tagged (radio and PIT) fish used to evaluate fishway PIT tag detectors and lost tags. 2002: Double tagged (radio and PIT) fish used to evaluate fishway PIT tag detectors and lost tags. 2002: Develop methods to interpret fishway PIT tag detections to evaluate adult salmon and steelhead passage at dams. 2002: Develop methods to interpret fishway PIT tag detections to evaluate adult salmon and steelhead passage at dams.

8. Objectives Summarize homing and straying rates for known-source adults Identify fates and distribution of known-source fish that did not home or stray Identify fates and distribution of known-source fish that did not home or stray Mainstem harvest Unknown fate

9. BO TD JD MN IH LM GO LGr PR WP RI RR WL Upstream from LGr 255 (20%) At LGr 383 (30%) Yakima 218 (17%) Upper Columbia dams and hatcheries 277 (22%) Carson NFH 78 (6%) At LoMo 46 (4%) PIT-tag sites for 1,276 sp/su chinook salmon with radios John Day 15 (1%) other: 3 Umatilla, 1 Tucannon (2000-2002)

10. BO TD JD MN IH LM GO LGr PR WP RI RR WL Upstream from LGr 143 (11%) At LGr 650 (51%) 466 (36%) PIT-tag sites for 1,285 steelhead with radios (2000-2002) Umatilla 18 (1%) other: 1 Yakima, 1 Wind, 4 Walla Walla, Tucannon 2 Upper Columbia dams and hatcheries

11. BO TD JD MN IH LM GO LGr PR WP RI RR WL Upstream from LGr or Lyons Ferry 5 (4%) PIT-tag sites for 118 fall chinook with radios (2000-2002) Umatilla 18 (1%) other: 1 Ringold Hatchery Upper Columbia dams 97 (82%) Yakima 10 (8%) 5 (4%) PR Hatchery

12. Homing/Escapement* of PIT-tagged stocks * Homing for Snake fish = last recorded upstream from Lower Granite Dam or at LGr Trap * Homing for Upper Columbia fish = last recorded upstream from Priest Rapids Dam 140 470 186 38 120 48 15 28 29 98 8 8 99 10 357 436 326 140

13. 2000 Chi-square tests for between-stock differences in homing Snake v. Wind Snake v. U. Columbia Snake v. Yakima 20012002 Wind v. U. Columbia Yakima v. Wind Yakima v. U. Columbia Snake v. U. Columbia Steelhead Sp/Su Chinook 0.120 0.3910.131 0.357 0.008 yak 0.004 yak 0.060 0.191 0.1300.688 0.141 0.087 0.008 yak 0.977 0.007 col

14. Straying* of PIT-tagged stocks * Includes fish harvested out-of-basin whose straying may have been temporary 40% (38% of sp/su chinook and 31% of steelhead strays were harvested) 470 186 38 120 48 15 28 29 8 8 99 10 357 436 326 140 98

15. Where PIT-tagged sp/su chinook stocks strayed BO TD JD MN IH LM GO LGr PR WP RI RR WL Snake (13) U. Columbia (3) Total straying rate = 1.88% (24/1,276) Wind (6) Yakima (1) Umatilla (1) strayharvest

16. Where PIT-tagged steelhead stocks strayed BO TD JD MN IH LM GO LGr PR WP RI RR WL Snake (46) U. Columbia (32) Total straying rate = 6.85% (88/1,285) Walla Walla (4) Tucannon (1) Umatilla (5) strayharvest

17. Differential steelhead straying: shoreline orientation? Strayed into OR-shore tributaries Strayed into WA-shore tributaries Did not stray in lower river752 32 10 Snake 435 9 22 Upper Columbia P = 0.003P = 0.065 Stock Chi-square test

18. PIT-tagged stocks harvested in mainstem* fisheries 470 186 38 120 48 15 28 29 8 99 10 357 436 326 140 98 140 * Downstream from Lower Granite and Priest Rapids dams

19. Distribution of mainstem* harvest Chinook Steelhead * Downstream from Lower Granite and Priest Rapids dams 11 18 1 77 10 1 78 1 65

20. PIT-tagged stocks unaccounted for* in mainstem * Includes fish last recorded at dams or in reservoirs downstream from L. Granite/P. Rapids 470 186 38 120 48 15 28 29 8 99 10 357 436326 140 98 140

21. 2000 Chi-square tests for between-stock differences in unknown Snake v. Wind Snake v. U. Columbia Snake v. Yakima 20012002 Wind v. U. Columbia Yakima v. Wind Yakima v. U. Columbia Snake v. U. Columbia Steelhead Sp/Su Chinook 0.021 snr 0.009 col0.909 0.022 win <0.001 win 0.048 snr 0.001 col 0.531 0.8670.057 0.028 snr 0.223 0.981 0.100 0.218 yak (1.7%) snr (6.2%) col (12.9%) win (17.2%)

22. Distribution of fish with unknown* fate Chinook Steelhead * Downstream from Lower Granite and Priest Rapids dams 7 6 2 54 30 4 87 0 44

23. Collection gallery

24. PIT-tag site Upstream LGr Homing to L. Granite by PIT-tagged chinook with radios: n% home % recaptured downstream% stray 25583.9 LGr - Barge LGr - River 20170.110.95.013.9 18281.912.91.14.9 10.20.45.5 sites ds % mainstem <0.0010.7260.0300.003 <0.0010.7960.002 0.8800.5330.3780.801 Chi-sq tests Barge v. River Barge v. Upstream River v. > Upstream Effects of juvenile barging

25. PIT-tag site Homing to L. Granite by PIT-tagged steelhead with radios: n% home % recaptured downstream% stray 14279.6 LGr - Barge LGr - River 13565.96.79.617.8 51473.710.95.69.7 8.52.89.2 sites ds % mainstem Barge v. River0.0720.1450.6520.009 Barge v. Upstream0.0110.5750.0180.035 River v. > Upstream0.1550.3980.1730.838 Chi-sq tests Upstream LGr Effects of juvenile barging

26. Estimates of homing, straying, harvest and unknown fate: ~ 81.2% Chinook Homing ~ 1.9% Straying ~ 9.2% Harvest ~ 7.8% Unknown Conclusions: Chinook Salmon Homing relatively high for Yakima River, low for Wind River Large differences in proportions of unaccounted for fish between stocks, mostly in 2001: low harvest of summer chinook Large differences in proportions of unaccounted for fish between stocks, mostly in 2001: low harvest of summer chinook Barged fish home at lower rates, stray at higher rates and tended to have larger proportions with unknown fate Barged fish home at lower rates, stray at higher rates and tended to have larger proportions with unknown fate

27. Estimates of homing, straying, harvest and unknown fate: ~ 83.9% Steelhead Homing ~ 6.9% Straying ~ 11.2% Harvest ~ 10.5% Unknown Conclusions: Steelhead Homing generally consistent between stocks Upper Columbia stocks harvested at higher rates than Snake River stocks Upper Columbia stocks harvested at higher rates than Snake River stocks Barged fish home at lower rates, stray at higher rates and tended to have larger proportions with unknown fate Barged fish home at lower rates, stray at higher rates and tended to have larger proportions with unknown fate