1. Ahmed El-Sohemy Canada Research Chair in Nutrigenomics Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto Caffeine, Genetic Variation and Risk of CVD

3.  Founder and shareholder – Nutrigenomix Inc. Disclosure

6. “The Legal Alternative” 280 mg Caffeine

7. Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine)

10. Caffeine from Energy Drinks ≠ Caffeine from Coffee Hot beverage that is sipped slowly is not like a cold beverage that is often chugged.

11. Increase Decrease No Effect Genes Genotype A Genotype C Genotype B CVD Coffee Is Coffee associated with CVD?

12. caffeine magnesium potassium polyphenols aliphatic acids diterpenoids melanoidins Bioactives in coffee

13. Caffeine CYP1A2 1-methylxanthine 1-methyluric acid 5-acetylamino-6- formylamino-3- methyluracil 1,7-dimethyluric acid Paraxanthine

14. slow fast Genetic Variation in CYP1A2 -163 A  C

15. 2013 cases (myocardial infarction) 2013 population-based controls - matched (age, sex, area of residence) Data collection: - food frequency questionnaire - health and lifestyle questionnaire - fasting blood sample (DNA) Costa Rica Heart Study

16. * * P<0.05 Cornelis et al., JAMA 295: 1135-41, 2006 Coffee Intake and Risk of Myocardial Infarction

17. * P<0.05 * * Cornelis et al., JAMA 295: 1135-41, 2006 Coffee Intake and Risk of Myocardial Infarction

18. Subjects <50 Years of Age * P<0.05 * * * * Cornelis et al., JAMA 295: 1135-41, 2006

22. Palatini et al., J Hypertens 27: 1594-1601, 2009 Coffee Intake and Risk of Hypertension * P<0.05 * * *

25. Personalized Dietary Advice Public Health Recommendations vs

26. Research to identify genetic sub-groups at risk Regulations to protect vulnerable sub-groups Future Directions

27. Marilyn Cornelis Ilana Platt Bénédicte Fontaine-Bisson Leah Cahill Karen Eny Clare Toguri Daiva Nielsen Bibiana Garcia Bailo Stephen Ozsungur Laura Da Costa Christine Asik Erica Day Tasevski Joanne Brathwaite Cristina Cuda Lilli Mauer Andre Dias Hyeon-Joo Lee Dennis Wang Ouxi Tian Nanci Guest Susana Huang Lindsay Stewart Alejandra Navarro-Allende Nora Khataan Darren Brenner Joseph Jamnik Karina Fisher Andrea Josse Hannia Campos Paolo Palatini Guang Sun Tom Wolever David Jenkins Alaa Badawi Lisa Cameron Acknowledgements

28. Canada Research Chairs Canadian Institutes of Health Research Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Advanced Foods and Materials Network Centres of Excellence Nutrigenomix Inc.