1. The Causes,Effects and Management of Flooding in Loughton
Loughton Brook

2. Loughton Brook is managed to prevent flooding
What is flooding?
Flooding is the result of a river discharge exceeding its bankfull capacity

5. Is Flooding a Natural or man made event?
It is a natural event but is made worse by human activity.

6. When is flooding a problem?
When it impacts on human activity

7. When is flooding not a problem?
Think about the areas in which it can occur and the damage.
When it occurs in open areas where human activity is low e.g. recreational land. When it doesn’t cause emotional or financial damage

8. What factors affect how quickly a river responds to rainfall?
Try to think of at least three each before following onto the next slide.

9. It is affected by: The Lag time Size of drainage basin Geology
Steep valley sides
Land use e.g. urban / rural
Type of precipitation
Number of rivers in a drainage basin

10. How do people change these factors?
Deforestation
Decreased interception of rainfall and increased run-off due to soil erosion.
Urbanisation
Concrete structures are impermeable.

11. Why do people live in areas at risk from flooding?
Areas of flooding are usually on flat land. What is this ideal for?
Flooding can create fertile soil, what would this be useful for?
Historic reasons
Flat land is good to build upon. Water source and fertile soil is good for agriculture.
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12. What responses are there to the flood risk?
Hard engineering
Channel straightening
Dams & storage ponds
Soft Engineering
Aforestation
Do nothing
Allow areas to flood – compensation?