1. Species Relationships
Feeding relationships
Autotrophs Vs. Heterotrophs
Autotrophs are things that make their own food
Examples- plants
Heterotrophs eat others** for food
Examples- monkeys & humans
"I MUST BE A HETEROTROPH I CAN'T MAKE THESE !!"

2. Carnivores and Scavengers
Heterotrophs which eat other heterotrophs
Carnivore= meat eaters
Examples= lion
Some animals do not kill their own food they are called scavengers
They play a beneficial role in ecosystem.
Clean up dead animals
Examples= turkey vulture

3. Herbivores
Herbivores eat plants

4. Omnivores & Decomposers
Omnivores- eat both
Examples= humans & bears
Fungus is an example of decomposer.
Decomposers break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms.

5. Detritivores
Detritivores eat “garbage” of ecosystem – organisms that have recently dies, fallen leaves and branches, animal wastes (vulture, bacteria and fungi - decomposers)

6. Relationships for survival
Symbiosis
“living together”
Relationship in which there is a close and permanent association between organisms of a different species
Commensalism
The predator-prey relationship
Mutualism
Parasitism

7. Commensalism
One species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
Barnacles on a whale
Do not harm or help whale
Barnacles benefit because constant moving water source

8. Predators vs prey One organisms hunts another for food
Predators- hunt for food
Prey- organism that predator eats
Predators can be the prey of larger animals
Population sizes are linked
If # of prey grows or shrinks # of supported predators does the same

9. Predator- Prey Hunter Lions Insect eating birds
Benefit from relationship
Hunted
Zebra
Insects
Die from relationship

10. Predator & prey
When the # of prey increases the # of predators will increase too because there is more food to support them. The changing population size of the prey species controls the population size of the predator species
Creates a cycle
The larger the animal the larger the life cycle vs smaller animals
Live longer
Reproduce slower

11. Predator vs prey
Fox hunts can kills rabbit

12. Mutualism A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit
Ants and acacia tree
Flowers and insects
Lichen
Example: pollination – bees, butterflies, bats, and birds carry pollen to other plants

13. Mutualism Lichens An alga and a fungus
depend on each other and cannot live independently.
Through photosynthesis, the alga produces the food the lichen requires, while the fungus absorbs vital nutrients and water for the lichen.

14. Parasitism When one organism harms another
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism derives benefit at the expense of other.
Example
Parasite and host…
How come parasites only harm not kill host?

15. Parasite vs Host Is feed on
Feeds on host
Live on body of host
Depends on host for life processes
Thrive in crowded areas
Are a density-dependent limiting factor
Is feed on
Larger the host the more parasites it can support
May become ill or die from parasite

16. Parasites
Sheep Tick
Carnivorous, feeding on the blood of various species of birds, reptiles, and mammals, including human beings.

17. Summary of symbiotic relationships
Description
Harmful vs helpful
Example
Predator & prey
One animal eats another
One is helped one is killed
Cat eating a mouse
Parasitism
One animals feeds off another
One is helped one is drained of resources or killed
Tick living off a deer
Commensalism
One species benefits from another
One is helped one is not phased
Barnacles and a whale
Mutualism
Both rely on each other
Both are helped
Flower and insect

18. Competition
Results from niche overlap (use of the same limited resource by two or more species)
Some animals will fight to the death for their resources
Some plants species release toxins into the soil that prevent other species from growing nearby, restricting the space of the other species