1. Relationships Mrs. Harlin

2. 2.1.3 Explain various ways organisms interact with each other (including predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism) and with their environments resulting in stability within ecosystems.

3. Symbiosis two or more species live together in a close, long-term association. two or more species live together in a close, long-term association.

4. Mutualism How are both organisms benefiting? http://www.arkive.org/galapagos- mockingbird/mimus-parvulus/video-08b.html

5. Mutualism - both species benefit. - both species benefit. +/+ relationship +/+ relationship Ex: mycorrhizae (fungus and plant root tips), Galapagos lizard and bird Ex: mycorrhizae (fungus and plant root tips), Galapagos lizard and bird

6. Parasitism Who is benefitting and how? Who is being harmed and how? http://www.arkive.org/pale-throated-three-toed-sloth/bradypus- tridactylus/video-11b.html

7. Parasitism - one species benefits at the expense of the other. One organism feeds on and usually lives on or in another, typically larger, organism. One organism feeds on and usually lives on or in another, typically larger, organism. +/- relationship +/- relationship Ex: tape worms, ticks, fleas, mosquitos Ex: tape worms, ticks, fleas, mosquitos

8. Predator-Prey Who is the predator? Who is the prey? http://www.arkive.org/polar-bear/ursus- maritimus/video-08e.html Who is the predator? Who is the prey? http://www.arkive.org/polar-bear/ursus- maritimus/video-08e.html

9. Predators and Prey Coevolve Predation is the act of one organism killing another for food. Predation is the act of one organism killing another for food. Ex: Lions and zebras; spiders and insects Ex: Lions and zebras; spiders and insects http://rosswarner.com/lion.html http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/ 2007/09/070912145919.htm

10. Plant Defenses Against Herbivores Plants often become prey. Plants often become prey. Defenses include thorns, spines, and prickles. Defenses include thorns, spines, and prickles. Virtually all plants contain defensive compounds called secondary compounds. Virtually all plants contain defensive compounds called secondary compounds.

11. Predator/Prey Relationships

12. Competition What are the organisms fighting for? http://www.arkive.org/green-iguana/iguana- iguana/video-12.html

13. Competition Interaction among species help shape communities. Interaction among species help shape communities. Competition occurs when two species use the same limited resource. Competition occurs when two species use the same limited resource. Competition can limit how species use resources. Competition can limit how species use resources.

14. Limiting Factors of Growth These pressures may cause a population to stabilize. Graphed the population would look like a S-shaped curve (logistic model). This means the organisms have reached the carrying capacity (K) of their environment.

15. Communication Pheromones- chemicals released by bees, ants, and termites. Sounds Echolocation http://www.arkive.org/barbary-macaque/macaca-sylvanus/video-12a.html http://www.arkive.org/army-ant/eciton-burchellii/video-08a.html http://www.arkive.org/humpback-whale/megaptera-novaeangliae/video-09d.html

16. Courtship Dances Showing off traits to impress a mate. http://www.arkive.org/andean-flamingo/phoenicoparrus-andinus/video- 09a.html#text=Range http://www.arkive.org/malaysian-peacock- pheasant/polyplectron-malacense/video- 00.html#text=Range

17. Territorial Defense Defending space. Ex: fighting fish http://www.arkive.org/bullhead/cottus-gobio/video-12.html http://www.arkive.org/african-elephant/loxodonta-africana/video-12a.html