1. Populations & Ecosystems
Section D in our Textbook

2. Ecosystems D10
Organisms interacting with one another and their physical environment
Includes both BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factors
2:48

3. Biotic Factors D10
All of the LIVING and ONCE LIVING things in an ecosystem

4. Abiotic Factors D10
All of the NON-LIVING things in an ecosystem

5. The Relationships D10-11
A Population is all of the same species living in a certain area (ex. a population of rabbits).
A Community is all of the groups of populations in an area.
An Ecosystem is the entire community plus the abiotic factors (non-living items).
Ecosystem
Community
Populations

6. Explanation of Relationships D10-11
Ecosystem -Everything in the area (living and non-living)
Community All of the LIVING things in the area (biotic factors)
Population Groups of the same species living in an area
Individual – single living thing

7. Another representation
Ecosystem
1:13
We actually draw one of these on a quarter piece of pizza cardboard
Community
Population
2:19
Individual

8. Ecosystems D11-13
Size: Can be as large as a desert or as small as a puddle!
Changes:
Caused by NATURE (lightning/fire, earthquakes, storms, etc.) It can come back and start to grow again on its own after time.
Caused by HUMANS (logging, farming, construction)

9. The Sun: Life’s Energy Supply D16-17
SUN (light, infrared rays, etc.) = ENERGY
Almost all life depends on the SUN to survive. 
All plants need the sun for photosynthesis.
1:42

10. Photosynthesis D16-17 With sun’s energy: carbon dioxide + water oxygen
glucose (food)
Plants’ food stores the energy

11. Producers/Consumers D18-19
PRODUCER - Anything that makes its own food through photosynthesis
CONSUMER – Anything that gets its energy by eating other organisms
1:04
1:18

12. Types of Consumers D18-19 1. HERBIVORES – eat only PLANTS
Ex. Cow, deer, rabbits
2. CARNIVORES – eat only MEAT
Ex. Wolves, owls
3. OMNIVORES – eat BOTH plants and meat  
Ex. Woodpeckers, most humans
4. DECOMPOSER – feeds on the wastes and dead, decaying things (rotting plants, dead animals, etc.) Ex. worms, mushrooms
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Decomposer Clip – 0:56 H,C,O Clip 0:59 – Click on Movie Icon
0:56

13. Food ChainsD29-31 Food Chain
Flow of energy from one organism directly to the next
Must start with a producer
Arrows move from producer UP the chain (Think from here into the mouth of here…)
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14. Food Chains D29-31 As you go up a food chain, energy is lost. 1:05
Use after Activity on D26-27
1:05

15. Food Webs D29-31
Food Webs – overlapping food chains

16. Ex. Owl (predator) and mouse (prey)
Predator/Prey D20-22
Predator – organism that hunts and eats other organisms 
Prey – organism that is hunted and eaten
Ex. Owl (predator) and mouse (prey)

17. Ex. Flea (parasite) and dog (host)
Symbiosis D20-22
1. Parasitism
Parasite – organism that lives off of or feeds upon (and usually harms) another organism
Host – organism that is fed upon and harmed (usually doesn’t die though)
Ex. Flea (parasite) and dog (host)

18. Symbiosis D20-22 2. Commensalism One benefits but other is unharmed
Ex. Camouflage (spider on a flower)
Ex. Egrets eat insects wildebeests
have stirred up in the soil 
egret

19. Symbiosis D20-22 3. Mutualism Both sides benefit
Ex. Pollination – bees/birds and flowers
symbiosis
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20. Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen Cycle D34-35
Plants use Carbon Dioxide and give off Oxygen
Humans use Oxygen and give off Carbon Dioxide

21. The Water Cycle D36-37
Evaporation – heated liquid changing to water vapor
Condensation – water vapor changing to a liquid
Precipitation – rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.
Transpiration – water released through leaves
water cycle
2:39

22. Earth’s Land Biomes D48-51 Tundra 2:07 Taiga 1:57
Arctic grassland with frozen soil all year
Polar bears, foxes, lichens
Taiga 1:57
Coniferous forests
Bears, moose, evergreen trees
Deciduous Forest 1:40
Large leafed trees that lose leaves in winter
Deer, squirrels, maple trees

23. Earth’s Land Biomes D48-51 Tropical Rain Forest 1:52 Grassland 2:17
Lush, green forests with heavy rainfall warm climate
Toucans, vines, monkeys
Grassland 2:17
wide open fields of grass
Rabbits, prairie dogs, zebras
Desert 2:07
Very DRY (can be hot or cold)
Cactus, horned lizards

24. Biodiversity D58-60
Biodiversity – variety of species in an ecosystem (Part 2, 3, 4) Total ~ 14 min
Biodiversity depends on:
1. Size (how large of an area it is)
2. Terrain (type of land and landforms)
3. Latitude (distance from the equator)
1= the scientific study of biodiversity 2= speed of extinction (very short clip) 3= what’s causing the problem? 4= why more is better

25. Biodiversity Challenges D61-62
Extinct – No longer living
Ex. Dodo birds, Dinosaurs
Endangered – in danger of becoming extinct 
Ex. manatee, rhinos, spider monkeys
Threatened – in danger of becoming endangered
Ex. baboon, leopard, grizzly bears
Current List
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26. Citations
Biomes: Our Earth's Major Life Zones. United Learning (1998). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming:
Biologically Speaking: Ecosystems and the Cycles of Nature. AIMS Multimedia (2002). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming:
More is Better: The Biodiversity Story. United Learning (1995). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming:
Food Chains and Webs. United Learning (1998). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming:
Mammals of North America: Predators and Prey. AIMS Multimedia (2004). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming:
Vulnerable, Threatened, Endangered, Extinct. AIMS Multimedia (1992). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming:
Learning About Water (Second Edition). AIMS Multimedia (2004). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming:
Biodiversity Pie Graph. (2007). Retrieved August 1, 2007 from