1. World War I Wrap-up ► Fourteen Points ► “Peace w/o Victory” ► Self-Determination and Independence ► Arms Reduction ► Free Trade and Freedom of Seas ► League of Nations and Open Diplomacy ► Treaty of Versailles ► a Peace of Vengeance  War Guilt Clause  Unlimited Reparations  Breakup of Germany ► Continued colonialism; some new states ► Continued militarism ► Trade Barriers ► Treaty and League rejected by U.S. Senate ► But…1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact: Treaty signed by 62 nations (including U.S.) outlawed war

2. A Return to “Normalcy” ► Warren Harding (R) elected in 1920 ► Called for a return to “Normalcy” ► What meant by “Normalcy”?  End era of Progressive reforms  Conservative policies favoring business  Less foreign entanglement  Reduce spending & debt (govt. surplus)  Laissez faire vs. Protective Tariffs ► Republicans gain control of Congress ► 3 Conservative Republican Presidents: Harding, Coolidge, Hoover ► Appointed four conservative Supreme Court Justices  William Howard Taft

3. Teapot Dome Scandal ► Several Government Corruption scandals ► Naval oil reserves in Teapot Dome, WY and Elk Hills, CA ► Secretary Albert Fall, Dept of Interior ► Convinces Sec. Denby of Navy to secretly transfer lands to Interior Dept. ► Fall leases oil-rich land to oilmen Sinclair and Doheny for a $100,000 bribe ► Court case lasted 5 years: 1924 to 1929  Fall found guilty of bribery  one year in jail  Sinclair and Doheny acquitted  Public furor: “guilty until proven rich”?