1. Chapter 11
Mountain Building

2. I) Where Mountains Form
Mountain Belts
1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries
2) Most mountains occur in long belts that follow convergent boundaries
3) Himalayas lie along a current convergent boundary
4) Appalachians are in the middle of a plate – but were formed by converging plates over a billion years ago.

3. B) Continental Margins (land and sea meet)
Active Margins
a) occur along plate boundaries
b) mountain building takes place
c) Himalayan Mountains
2) Passive Margins
a) stable areas away from plate
boundaries
b) Appalachian Mountains

4. c) Passive margins provide the materials or
sediments from which mountains form.
Active
Passive

5. Major mountain systems are related to plate tectonics. Most mountains
IV) Mountain Building
Major mountain systems are related
to plate tectonics. Most mountains
form along convergent boundaries
Where else would
you find mountains?
Divergent Boundaries
Hot Spots

6. V) Mountain Facts
A) Himalayan Mountains
1) The largest/highest mountain range
B) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
1) The longest mountain range

7. Factors that affect mountain Deformation
Deformation – all changes that occur to a body of rock.
Temperature
Pressure
Rock Type
Time exposed to pressure or heat

8. Tectonic Forces
Mountains are the result of rock that is permanently deformed by stress/forces
Three types of forces cause three types of faults:
Tension
Compression
Shear

9. Faulting
Break in crustal rock with movement

10. Normal Faults (Dip-slip fault)
Caused by TENSION forces
Occur along divergent plate boundaries
Rock ABOVE fault surface moves DOWNWARD

11. Normal Reverse Thrust Strike-Slip Type of Force Name of Boundary
Type of Mountains
Direction it is moving /
illustration

12. Reverse Faults (Dip-slip fault)
Caused by COMPRESSION forces
Occur along convergent plate boundaries
Hanging wall surface moves UPWARD

13. Strike-Slip Faults Caused by SHEAR forces
Occur along transform plate boundaries
Rocks on either side of fault line move past each other with NO vertical movement.

16. Horsts & Grabens
Large blocks of crust that rise due faulting on either side of the block.

18. Name this fault!

19. III) Types of Mountains
Mountains are classified according
to their dominant features
B) Four main categories
1) Volcanic mountains

20. Volcanic Mountains
Formed by lava and pyroclastic material that build up.

21. 2) Folded mountains
a) Largest mountains on Earth
b) Urals, Himalayas, Appalachians

22. Folded Mountains
Mountains that form from folding processes (compression)

23. A) Folds
1) Rock is bent into a series of waves
2) Results from compressional force
3) Two common types of folds
a) Anticline – upward fold of rock
b) Syncline – downward fold of rock

24. Compression

25. Anticline

26. Synclines

27. Syncline

28. Monocline

29. Subduction zone animation

31. Compression 3) Fault-block mountains a) Uplifted
b) Sierra Nevada Mountains
Compression

32. Fault-block mountains
a) Tilted
b) Teton Range, WY
Tension

36. b) There are two types of dome mountains:
Individual, isolated structures that form in layers of sedimentary rock.
b) There are two types of dome mountains:
Plutonic Dome
an igneous intrusion
pushes up existing rock
layers.

37. Black Hills of South Dakota (Mt. Rushmore) Yosemite National Park
Tectonic Dome
uplifting forces arch
rock layers into a
dome
Tectonic Dome:
Black Hills of South Dakota (Mt. Rushmore)
Yosemite National Park

38. Normal Reverse Thrust Strike-Slip Type of Force Name of Boundary
Type of Mountains
Direction it is moving /
illustration