1. Covalent Dot Diagrams Show where electrons are shared and bonds are formed to hold covalent compounds together. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/img/gcsechem_54.gif]

2. Covalent Dot Diagrams Dots are used to show valence electrons for specific atoms. [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_10/FG10_00-02.2un.JPG]

3. Covalent Dot Diagrams Electrons are “shared” to form bonds and satisfy the octet rule. Atoms have 8 electrons to be “stable” Except Hydrogen only needs 2!!! [http://alexteoh.com/2008-s2-chembond_files/image005.jpg]

4. Covalent Dot Diagrams Example: H 2 O Draw individual atoms first, placing dots on clockwise.

5. Covalent Dot Diagrams “Connect the dots” so every atom satisfies the octet rule! Lines are 2 “shared” electrons!

6. Covalent Dot Diagrams “Clean-up”final drawing (all bonds at 90 o angles!) and check octet rule O has 8 e - Each H has 2 e -

7. Covalent Dot Diagrams Example: O 2

8. Covalent Dot Diagrams Each O has 8 e - Double Bond

9. Covalent Dot Diagrams Example: CO Triple Bond Each atom has 8 e -

10. Find The Errors! Too many valence electrons Si not stable Center H has too many e - N not stable

11. Find The Errors! 2 nd & 3 rd H atoms have too many e - Both Cl atoms have too many e - C is not stable Both H & Br have too many e -