1. 1 SURVEYING LEARNING TO READ A COMPASS

2. 2 The compass is marked with the four cardinal points – north, east, south, and west. The compass is also marked with the number of degrees in a circle (360 north is 0 degrees or 360 degrees, east is 90 degrees, south is 180 degrees, and west is 270 degrees). N E S W

3. 3 The compass is used to take bearings or azimuths. A bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from north (either magnetic or true north) to some landmark. B Landmark A N

4. 4 Hold the compass and line up sight B with the landmark. Rotate the outer rim of the compass until the Red N is lined up with the north end of the Red Compass Needle. Read the measurement at the white pointer on the side of the compass. Outer rim White pointer North end of red compass needle B

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9. 9 N B Landmark A A B

10. 10 N B Landmark A A B

11. 11 N B Landmark A A B

12. 12 N B A A B