1. Chapter 13 – The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves and Spinal Reflexes
For Every Action…
Action… Reaction…
Make a Note of This Cord
Lack of Communication
Are You Nervous?
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FINAL ROUND

2. For Every Action…: $100 Question
What is the minimum number of neurons in a reflex arc?
a. One
b. Two
c. Five
d. Seven
ANSWER
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3. For Every Action…: $100 Answer
What is the minimum number of neurons in a reflex arc?
a. One
b. Two
c. Five
d. Seven
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4. For Every Action…: $200 Question
Which of these is NOT an important factor concerning reflexes?
a. They are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.
b. They preserve homeostasis by making rapid adjustments in the functions of organs.
c. They oppose potentially harmful changes in the internal or external environment.
d. They involve interaction with the cerebrum.
ANSWER
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5. For Every Action…: $200 Answer
Which of these is NOT an important factor concerning reflexes?
a. They are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.
b. They preserve homeostasis by making rapid adjustments in the functions of organs.
c. They oppose potentially harmful changes in the internal or external environment.
d. They involve interaction with the cerebrum.
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6. For Every Action…: $300 Question
One of the first somatic reflexes to develop is the suckling reflex. Which type of reflex is this?
a. Inherent reflex
b. Acquired reflex
c. Innate reflex
d. Visceral reflex
ANSWER
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7. For Every Action…: $300 Answer
One of the first somatic reflexes to develop is the suckling reflex. Which type of reflex is this?
a. Inherent reflex
b. Acquired reflex
c. Innate reflex
d. Visceral reflex
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8. For Every Action…: $400 Question
Polysynaptic reflexes include all of he following characteristics, except ___?
a. Involve pools of interneurons
b. Interneuron pools are contained within one spinal segment
c. Have reverberating circuits
d. Involve reciprocal inhibition
ANSWER
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9. For Every Action…: $400 Answer
Polysynaptic reflexes include all of he following characteristics, except ___?
a. Involve pools of interneurons
b. Interneuron pools are contained within one spinal segment
c. Have reverberating circuits
d. Involve reciprocal inhibition
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10. For Every Action…: $500 Question
What is reinforcement as it pertains to spinal reflexes?
a. It allows brief periods of rest between sets of stimuli
b. A chronic depression in spinal reflexes due to IPSPs
c. An enhancement of spinal reflexes due to postsynaptic neurons entering a state of facilitation
d. Strengthening of both the crossed extensor reflex and reciprocal inhibition
ANSWER
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11. For Every Action…: $500 Answer
What is reinforcement as it pertains to spinal reflexes?
a. It allows brief periods of rest between sets of stimuli
b. A chronic depression in spinal reflexes due to IPSPs
c. An enhancement of spinal reflexes due to postsynaptic neurons entering a state of facilitation
d. Strengthening of both the crossed extensor reflex and reciprocal inhibition
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12. Action… Reaction…: $100 Question
You’ve just touched a hot stove. What type of reflex did you experience __ and in what way was your brain involved in the reflex __?
a. Cranial / the somatosensory cortex
b. Visceral / only tracts that respond to pain
c. Complex / all the sensory tracts
d. Spinal / it was not involved at all
ANSWER
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13. Action…Reaction…: $100 Answer
You’ve just touched a hot stove. What type of reflex did you experience __ and in what way was your brain involved in the reflex __?
a. Cranial / the somatosensory cortex
b. Visceral / only tracts that respond to pain
c. Complex / all the sensory tracts
d. Spinal / it was not involved at all
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14. Action…Reaction…: $200 Question
A weight lifter is straining to lift a 200-kg barbell. Shortly after he lifts it to chest height, his muscles appear to relax and he drops the barbell. Which reflex has occurred?
a. Withdrawal reflex
b. Stretch reflex
c. Crossed extensor reflex
d. Tendon reflex
ANSWER
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15. Action…Reaction…: $200 Answer
A weight lifter is straining to lift a 200-kg barbell. Shortly after he lifts it to chest height, his muscles appear to relax and he drops the barbell. Which reflex has occurred?
a. Withdrawal reflex
b. Stretch reflex
c. Crossed extensor reflex
d. Tendon reflex
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16. Action…Reaction…: $300 Question
During a withdrawal reflex, what happens to the limb on the side opposite the stimulus? What is the response called?
a. Flexed / stretch reflex
b. Adducted / tendon reflex
c. Extended / crossed extensor reflex
d. Abducted / tendon reflex
ANSWER
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17. Action…Reaction…: $300 Answer
During a withdrawal reflex, what happens to the limb on the side opposite the stimulus? What is the response called?
a. Flexed / stretch reflex
b. Adducted / tendon reflex
c. Extended / crossed extensor reflex
d. Abducted / tendon reflex
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18. Action…Reaction…: $400 Question
How would the stimulation of the muscle spindles involved in the patellar (knee-jerk) reflex by gamma motor neurons affect the speed of the reflex?
a. Quicker reflex response
b. Slower reflex response
c. Graded reflex response
d. Inhibited reflex response
ANSWER
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19. Action…Reaction…: $400 Answer
How would the stimulation of the muscle spindles involved in the patellar (knee-jerk) reflex by gamma motor neurons affect the speed of the reflex?
a. Quicker reflex response
b. Slower reflex response
c. Graded reflex response
d. Inhibited reflex response
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20. Action…Reaction…: $500 Question
Reflex responses usually remove or oppose the stimulus. Therefore this type of reflexive response would be considered an example of ___.
a. A visceral reflex
b. Negative feedback
c. A reverberation circuit
d. Avoidance feedback
ANSWER
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21. Action…Reaction…: $500 Answer
Reflex responses usually remove or oppose the stimulus. Therefore this type of reflexive response would be considered an example of ___.
a. A visceral reflex
b. Negative feedback
c. A reverberation circuit
d. Avoidance feedback
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22. Make a Note of This Cord: $100 Question
Damage to which root of a spinal nerve would interfere with motor function?
a. Posterior root
b. Anterior root
c. Dorsal root
d. Ventral root
ANSWER
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23. Make a Note of This Cord: $100 Answer
Damage to which root of a spinal nerve would interfere with motor function?
a. Posterior root
b. Anterior root
c. Dorsal root
d. Ventral root
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24. Make a Note of This Cord: $200 Question
Where is the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the spinal cord located?
a. Epidural space
b. Subarachnoid space
c. Above the dura mater
d. Between the pia mater and the nervous tissue of the brain
ANSWER
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25. Make a Note of This Cord: $200 Answer
Where is the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the spinal cord located?
a. Epidural space
b. Subarachnoid space
c. Above the dura mater
d. Between the pia mater and the nervous tissue of the brain
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26. Make a Note of This Cord: $300 Question
Which of following is true concerning the spinal cord ?
a. The filum terminale is the end of the spinal cord.
b. The conus medullaris is a strand of fibrous tissue that helps support the spinal cord.
c. The spinal cord of an adult ends between L1 and L2.
d. The amount of gray matter in the spinal cord is the least at the cervical and lumber enlargements.
ANSWER
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27. Make a Note of This Cord: $300 Answer
Which of following is true concerning the spinal cord ?
a. The filum terminale is the end of the spinal cord.
b. The conus medullaris is a strand of fibrous tissue that helps support the spinal cord.
c. The spinal cord of an adult ends between L1 and L2.
d. The amount of gray matter in the spinal cord is the least at the cervical and lumber enlargements.
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28. Make a Note of This Cord: $400 Question
A person with polio has lost the use of his leg muscles. In which area of his spinal cord would you expect the virus-infected motor neurons to be?
a. Anterior gray horns
b. Lateral gray horns
c. Posterior gray commissure
d. Anterior gray white commissure
ANSWER
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29. Make a Note of This Cord: $400 Answer
A person with polio has lost the use of his leg muscles. In which area of his spinal cord would you expect the virus-infected motor neurons to be?
a. Anterior gray horns
b. Lateral gray horns
c. Posterior gray commissure
d. Anterior gray white commissure
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30. Make a Note of This Cord: $500 Question
Which portion of the spinal cord would be affected by a disease that damages myelin sheaths?
a. Sulci
b. Columns
c. Gray horns
d. Fissures
ANSWER
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31. Make a Note of This Cord: $500 Answer
Which portion of the spinal cord would be affected by a disease that damages myelin sheaths?
a. Sulci
b. Columns
c. Gray horns
d. Fissures
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32. Lack of Communication: $100 Question
A patient has damage to several spinal nerves. Which of the major divisions of the nervous system has been damaged?
a. Central nervous system
b. Peripheral nervous system
c. Autonomic nervous system
d. All of these are correct.
ANSWER
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33. Lack of Communication: $100 Answer
A patient has damage to several spinal nerves. Which of the major divisions of the nervous system has been damaged?
a. Central nervous system
b. Peripheral nervous system
c. Autonomic nervous system
d. All of these are correct.
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34. Lack of Communication: $200 Question
If a patient has persistent numbness in the medial two fingers, which nerve of the brachial plexus has been damaged?
a. Ulnar nerve
b. Median nerve
c. Radial nerve
d. Musculocutaneous nerve
ANSWER
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35. Lack of Communication: $200 Answer
If a patient has persistent numbness in the medial two fingers, which nerve of the brachial plexus has been damaged?
a. Ulnar nerve
b. Median nerve
c. Radial nerve
d. Musculocutaneous nerve
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36. Lack of Communication: $300 Question
Compression of which nerve produces the sensation that your leg has “fallen asleep”?
a. Sural nerve
b. Sciatic nerve
c. Femoral nerve
d. Tibial nerve
ANSWER
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37. Lack of Communication: $300 Answer
Compression of which nerve produces the sensation that your leg has “fallen asleep”?
a. Sural nerve
b. Sciatic nerve
c. Femoral nerve
d. Tibial nerve
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38. Lack of Communication: $400 Question
Damage to the long thoracic nerve would cause paralysis to which muscle(s)?
a. Deltoid and teres minor muscles
b. Rhomboids and levator scapulae muscles
c. Latissimus dorsi muscle
d. Serratus anterior muscle
ANSWER
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39. Lack of Communication: $400 Answer
Damage to the long thoracic nerve would cause paralysis to which muscle(s)?
a. Deltoid and teres minor muscles
b. Rhomboids and levator scapulae muscles
c. Latissimus dorsi muscle
d. Serratus anterior muscle
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40. Lack of Communication: $500 Question
Someone with paralysis of the anterior thigh muscle would have damage at which spinal segments?
a. L4 – S4
b. T12 – L1
c. L2 – L4
d. L4 – S2
ANSWER
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41. Lack of Communication: $500 Answer
Someone with paralysis of the anterior thigh muscle would have damage at which spinal segments?
a. L4 – S4
b. T12 – L1
c. L2 – L4
d. L4 – S2
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42. Are You Nervous?: $100 Question
Why are spinal nerves classified as “mixed” nerves?
a. They contain both afferent and efferent fibers
b. They contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons
c. They carry mixed or conflicting information
d. Axons of the ventral root carry sensory information to the spinal cord and axons of the dorsal root control somatic and visceral effectors
ANSWER
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43. Are You Nervous?: $100 Answer
Why are spinal nerves classified as “mixed” nerves?
a. They contain both afferent and efferent fibers
b. They contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons
c. They carry mixed or conflicting information
d. Axons of the ventral root carry sensory information to the spinal cord and axons of the dorsal root control somatic and visceral effectors
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44. Are You Nervous?: $200 Question
What is the clinical significance of dermatomes?
a. Damage to descending tracts will be reflected in the dermatomes.
b. Location of affected dermatomes provides clues to location of injury along the spinal cord.
c. Damage to a corresponding spinal nerve will produce loss of sensation to the region of skin supplied by a dermatome.
d. B and C are correct.
ANSWER
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45. Are You Nervous?: $200 Answer
What is the clinical significance of dermatomes?
a. Damage to descending tracts will be reflected in the dermatomes.
b. Location of affected dermatomes provides clues to location of injury along the spinal cord.
c. Damage to a corresponding spinal nerve will produce loss of sensation to the region of skin supplied by a dermatome.
d. B and C are correct.
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46. Are You Nervous?: $300 Question
Injury to which nerve plexus would interfere with the ability to breathe __? Which nerve is the major nerve of this plexus?
a. Brachial plexus / long thoracic nerve
b. Cervical plexus / phrenic nerve
c. Cervical plexus / long thoracic nerve
d. Brachial plexus / pectoral nerve
ANSWER
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47. Are You Nervous?: $300 Answer
Injury to which nerve plexus would interfere with the ability to breathe __? Which nerve is the major nerve of this plexus?
a. Brachial plexus / long thoracic nerve
b. Cervical plexus / phrenic nerve
c. Cervical plexus / long thoracic nerve
d. Brachial plexus / pectoral nerve
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48. Are You Nervous?: $400 Question
An anesthetic blocks the function of the dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves. Which areas of the body will be affected?
a. Skin and muscles of the back of the neck
b. Skin and muscles of the shoulders
c. Both A and B
d. None of the above
ANSWER
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49. Are You Nervous?: $400 Answer
An anesthetic blocks the function of the dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves. Which areas of the body will be affected?
a. Skin and muscles of the back of the neck
b. Skin and muscles of the shoulders
c. Both A and B
d. None of the above
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50. Are You Nervous?: $500 Question
After injuring her back, Tina exhibits a positive Babinski reflex. What does this imply about Tina’s injury?
a. Possible paraplegia
b. Possible damage of sensory tracts to foot
c. Possible damage of ascending tracts in spinal cord
d. Possible damage of descending tracts in the spinal cord
ANSWER
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51. Are You Nervous?: $500 Answer
After injuring her back, Tina exhibits a positive Babinski reflex. What does this imply about Tina’s injury?
a. Possible paraplegia
b. Possible damage of sensory tracts to foot
c. Possible damage of ascending tracts in spinal cord
d. Possible damage of descending tracts in the spinal cord
BACK TO GAME

52. FINAL ROUND Question
Which is the term used when one presynaptic neuron synapses with multiple postsynaptic neurons __? When is this useful ___?
a. Parallel processing / when information must be relayed in a stepwise fashion
b. Convergence / when a signal must be concentrated
c. Divergence / when broad distribution of a specific input is important
d. All of these are correct.
ANSWER
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53. FINAL ROUND Answer
Which is the term used when one presynaptic neuron synapses with multiple postsynaptic neurons __? When is this useful ___?
a. Parallel processing / when information must be relayed in a stepwise fashion
b. Convergence / when a signal must be concentrated
c. Divergence / when broad distribution of a specific input is important
d. All of these are correct.
BACK TO GAME