1. TOPIC: Nervous System Aim: Use textual evidence to describe the two divisions of the nervous system. Do Now: Take out your nervous system reading notes. Complete #’s 1 – 10 on the back of yesterday’s respiratory system review sheet. HW: Gas Exchange ISN

2. 1. Identify the 2 parts of the nervous system

3. 2. Identify the structure s that make up the Central Nervous System.

4. 3. Describe the function of the brain. Coordinates all body activities

5. DID YOU KNOW? There are about 3 million miles of axons in the human brain. The human brain has 100 trillion synaptic connections.

6. 4. Identify the structure that protects the brain. Skull (cranium)

7. 5. Identify the three major parts of the brain.

8. 6. Identify the type of impulses interpreted by the cerebrum. Impulses from your senses

9. 7. Identify the major activity that takes place in the cerebrum. Where MEMORY is stored Where movements are controlled (voluntary movements)

10. MEMORY, THINKING AND REASONING

11. 8. Identify the types of impulses interpreted by the cerebellum. From eyes and ears, muscles and tendons

12. 9. Identify the major activity that takes place in the cerebellum. Coordinates voluntary muscle movements Maintains muscle tone Helps maintain balance BALANCE AND COORDINATION

13. 10. Describe the location of the brain stem. Base of the brain Extends from cerebrum and connects brain to the spinal cord.

14. 11. Identify the structures that make up the brain stem. Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

15. Activity within the PONS is important for the rapid-eye movements of REM sleep (one of the 5 stages of sleep and usually makes up 90-120 minutes of an adult’s sleep) and may be important for turning REM sleep on and off. Functions of the MIDBRAIN include controlling responses to sight, eye Movement, pupil dilation, hearing and body movement

16. 12. Describe the function of the medulla oblongata. Controls INVOLUNTARY actions such as heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure.

17. Large doses of morphine, cocaine, or amphetamines also can severely disrupt activity in the medulla, possibly causing death by interrupting breathing or the beating of the heart.

18. Did you know… The human brain alone consists of about a 100 billion neurons. If all these neurons were to be lined up, it would form a 600 mile long line. As we get older, the brain loses almost one gram per year. In humans, the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body, while the left side of the brain controls the right side.

19. Did you know… An average adult male brain weighs about 1375 grams. An average adult female brain is about 1275 grams. Only four percent of the brain's cells work while the remaining cells are kept in reserve.

20. 13. Describe the function of the spinal cord Carries impulses from all parts from all parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord.

21. 14. Identify the structures that protect the spinal cord. Column of vertebrae

22. Did you know… There are about 13, 500,00 neurons in the human spinal cord. Damage to the spinal cord can cause paralysis. Injuries below the neck can cause paraplegia (paralysis below the waist) while injuries to the neck can cause quadriplegia (paralysis below the neck.) 52% of spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals are considered paraplegic and 47% quadriplegic.

23. 15. Identify the structures that make up the peripheral nervous system. Nerves outside the CNS.

24. 16. Describe the function of the peripheral nervous system. Connects the brain and spinal cord to other body parts.

25. 17. Identify the two types of nerves that make up the peripheral nervous system. Cranial nerves Spinal nerves

26. 18. Describe the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system. Somatic: controls voluntary actions (skeletal muscles) Autonomic: controls involuntary actions

27. TYPES OF NEURONS Illustration in the text of how the sound of a breaking window might startle you and cause you to drop a glass of water. 1.Identify the following: a.Stimulus: b.Receptor: c.Effector: Sound of breaking glass Ears Muscles in hand

28. 2. Identify the type of neurons that carry the impulses from the receptor to the brain. Sensory neurons

29. 3. Identify the neurons in your brain that received the impulse from the sensory neurons. Interneurons

30. 4. Identify the neurons that carry the impulse to the muscles (effector). Motor neurons

31. 5. Identify the neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons. Interneurons

32. Conclusion Questions

33. 1. Which types of neurons are found in the CNS? Interneurons

34. 2. Which types of neurons are found in the PNS? Sensory and Motor neurons

35. a.List the sequence of structures the impulse passes through in a reflex arc starting at the receptor and ending at the effector. receptor  sensory neurons  interneurons  motor neurons  effector

36. b. Where are the interneurons located? ONLY IN THE SPINAL CORD

37. c. Reflexes are much faster than regular responses. Give an explanation by using the structure of a reflex arc to help you. In a reflex the impulse travels only to the spinal cord …NOT TO THE BRAIN!!!

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41. SPINAL CORD Sensory neuron Motor neuron CNS PNS

42. Review: 1.Explain the difference between the CNS and the PNS. 2.What kind of neurons makeup the CNS? 3.What kind of neurons makeup the PNS? 4.Describe the function each type of neuron. 5.Identify the part of the brain being described: a.Controls heart rated. Regulates balance b. Controls memorye. Regulates breathing rate c. Controls thinkingf. Controls balance 6.Why is the path of an impulse in a reflex arc faster than the path of an impulse for a regular response? 7.Identify the path of an impulse in a reflex arc.

43. Review: Identify the type of neurons described. 1. Carry impulse from receptors to the CNS system. 2. Carry impulses to the effectors. 3. Only found in the brain and spinal cord. 4. Carry impulses away from sense organs. 5. Connects sensory and motor neurons.

44. Reasoning, planning, speech, movement, emotions, problem solving Receives info from skin Receives info from eyes Important for memory, receives info from ears

45. Reasoning, planning, speech, movement, emotions, problem solving Receives impulses from skin Receives impulses from eyes Important for memory, receives impulses from ears

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